如果您想要创建树数据结构，那么首先必须创建treeElement对象。如果您创建了treeElement对象，那么您可以决定树的行为。

下面是TreeElement类:

class TreeElement (object):

def __init__(self):
    self.elementName = None
    self.element = []
    self.previous = None
    self.elementScore = None
    self.elementParent = None
    self.elementPath = []
    self.treeLevel = 0

def goto(self, data):
    for child in range(0, len(self.element)):
        if (self.element[child].elementName == data):
            return self.element[child]

def add(self):

    single_element = TreeElement()
    single_element.elementName = self.elementName
    single_element.previous = self.elementParent
    single_element.elementScore = self.elementScore
    single_element.elementPath = self.elementPath
    single_element.treeLevel = self.treeLevel

    self.element.append(single_element)

    return single_element

现在，我们必须使用这个元素来创建树，在这个例子中我使用的是A*树。

class AStarAgent(Agent):
# Initialization Function: Called one time when the game starts
def registerInitialState(self, state):
    return;

# GetAction Function: Called with every frame
def getAction(self, state):

    # Sorting function for the queue
    def sortByHeuristic(each_element):

        if each_element.elementScore:
            individual_score = each_element.elementScore[0][0] + each_element.treeLevel
        else:
            individual_score = admissibleHeuristic(each_element)

        return individual_score

    # check the game is over or not
    if state.isWin():
        print('Job is done')
        return Directions.STOP
    elif state.isLose():
        print('you lost')
        return Directions.STOP

    # Create empty list for the next states
    astar_queue = []
    astar_leaf_queue = []
    astar_tree_level = 0
    parent_tree_level = 0

    # Create Tree from the give node element
    astar_tree = TreeElement()
    astar_tree.elementName = state
    astar_tree.treeLevel = astar_tree_level
    astar_tree = astar_tree.add()

    # Add first element into the queue
    astar_queue.append(astar_tree)

    # Traverse all the elements of the queue
    while astar_queue:

        # Sort the element from the queue
        if len(astar_queue) > 1:
            astar_queue.sort(key=lambda x: sortByHeuristic(x))

        # Get the first node from the queue
        astar_child_object = astar_queue.pop(0)
        astar_child_state = astar_child_object.elementName

        # get all legal actions for the current node
        current_actions = astar_child_state.getLegalPacmanActions()

        if current_actions:

            # get all the successor state for these actions
            for action in current_actions:

                # Get the successor of the current node
                next_state = astar_child_state.generatePacmanSuccessor(action)

                if next_state:

                    # evaluate the successor states using scoreEvaluation heuristic
                    element_scored = [(admissibleHeuristic(next_state), action)]

                    # Increase the level for the child
                    parent_tree_level = astar_tree.goto(astar_child_state)
                    if parent_tree_level:
                        astar_tree_level = parent_tree_level.treeLevel + 1
                    else:
                        astar_tree_level += 1

                    # create tree for the finding the data
                    astar_tree.elementName = next_state
                    astar_tree.elementParent = astar_child_state
                    astar_tree.elementScore = element_scored
                    astar_tree.elementPath.append(astar_child_state)
                    astar_tree.treeLevel = astar_tree_level
                    astar_object = astar_tree.add()

                    # If the state exists then add that to the queue
                    astar_queue.append(astar_object)

                else:
                    # Update the value leaf into the queue
                    astar_leaf_state = astar_tree.goto(astar_child_state)
                    astar_leaf_queue.append(astar_leaf_state)

你可以从对象中添加/删除任何元素，但要使结构为完整的。

泛型树是一个具有零个或多个子节点的节点，每个子节点都是一个合适的(树)节点。它与二叉树不同，它们是不同的数据结构，尽管它们都有一些相同的术语。

Python中没有任何用于泛型树的内置数据结构，但很容易通过类实现。

class Tree(object):
    "Generic tree node."
    def __init__(self, name='root', children=None):
        self.name = name
        self.children = []
        if children is not None:
            for child in children:
                self.add_child(child)
    def __repr__(self):
        return self.name
    def add_child(self, node):
        assert isinstance(node, Tree)
        self.children.append(node)
#    *
#   /|\
#  1 2 +
#     / \
#    3   4
t = Tree('*', [Tree('1'),
               Tree('2'),
               Tree('+', [Tree('3'),
                          Tree('4')])])

并没有内置树，但是可以通过从List继承Node类型并编写遍历方法来轻松地构造一个树。如果你这样做，我发现平分法很有用。

您还可以浏览PyPi上的许多实现。

如果我没记错的话，Python标准库不包含树数据结构，原因和。net基类库不包含树数据结构是一样的:内存的局部性降低了，导致缓存丢失更多。在现代处理器上，将大量内存放入缓存通常会更快，而“指针丰富”的数据结构会抵消这种好处。

Python不像Java那样具有相当广泛的“内置”数据结构。但是，因为Python是动态的，所以很容易创建通用树。例如，二叉树可能是:

class Tree:
    def __init__(self):
        self.left = None
        self.right = None
        self.data = None

你可以这样使用它:

root = Tree()
root.data = "root"
root.left = Tree()
root.left.data = "left"
root.right = Tree()
root.right.data = "right"

如果每个节点需要任意数量的子节点，则使用子节点列表:

class Tree:
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.children = []
        self.data = data

left = Tree("left")
middle = Tree("middle")
right = Tree("right")
root = Tree("root")
root.children = [left, middle, right]

Treelib也很方便完成这项任务。文档可以在treelib找到。

from treelib import Node, Tree
tree = Tree() # creating an object
tree.create_node("Harry", "harry")  # root node 
tree.create_node("Jane", "jane", parent="harry") #adding nodes
tree.create_node("Bill", "bill", parent="harry")
tree.create_node("Diane", "diane", parent="jane")
tree.create_node("Mary", "mary", parent="diane")
tree.create_node("Mark", "mark", parent="jane")
tree.show()

Harry
├── Bill
└── Jane
    ├── Diane
    │   └── Mary
    └── Mark

如果有人需要一个更简单的方法，树只是一个递归嵌套的列表(因为set是不可哈希的):

[root, [child_1, [[child_11, []], [child_12, []]], [child_2, []]]]

每个分支都是一对:[object， [children]] 每个叶子是一对:[object， []]

但是如果你需要一个带有方法的类，你可以使用任何树。