我知道JPA 2是一个规范，Hibernate是ORM的工具。另外，我知道Hibernate比JPA 2有更多的特性。但从实际的角度来看，两者到底有什么区别呢?
我有使用iBatis的经验，现在我正在尝试学习Hibernate或JPA2。我拿起Pro JPA2书，它一直提到“JPA提供商”。例如:
如果你认为一个特性应该标准化，你应该说出来 并向您的JPA提供者请求它
这让我很困惑，所以我有几个问题:
仅使用JPA2，我可以通过简单地注释POJO从DB中获取数据 JPA2应该与“JPA提供者”一起使用吗?例如TopLink或Hibernate?如果是这样，那么与单独使用JPA2或单独使用Hibernate相比，使用JPA2 + Hibernate有什么好处? 你能推荐一本好的实用的JPA2书吗?“Pro JPA2”看起来更像是JPA2的圣经和参考书(直到本书的后半部分才进入查询)。有没有关于JPA2的问题/解决方法的书?
当前回答
JPA is Java Persistence API. Which Specifies only the specifications for APIs. Means that the set of rules and guidelines for creating the APIs. If says another context, It is set of standards which provides the wrapper for creating those APIs , can be use for accessing entity object from database. JPA is provided by oracle.When we are going to do database access , we definitely needs its implementation. Means JPA specifies only guidelines for implementing APIs. Hibernate is a JPA provider/Vendor who responsible for implementing that APIs. Like Hibernate TopLink and Open JPA is some of examples of JPA API providers. So we uses JPA specified standard APIs through hibernate.
其他回答
JPA是规范，Hibernate是遵循规范中规定的规则的实现提供者。
JPA是一个标准化orm - api的规范。Hibernate是JPA实现的供应商。因此，如果您将JPA与hibernate一起使用，您可以使用标准的JPA API, hibernate将在引子之下，提供更多的非标准函数。 参见http://docs.jboss.org/hibernate/stable/entitymanager/reference/en/html_single/和http://docs.jboss.org/hibernate/stable/annotations/reference/en/html_single/
JPA是您在数据层实现的规范，用于执行db操作、OR映射和其他必需的任务。
由于它只是一个规范，您需要一个工具来实现它。该工具可以是Hibernate、TopLink、iBatis、spring-data等。
如果您在数据层中使用Hibernate，则不一定需要JPA。但是，如果您为Hibernate使用JPA规范，那么它将使将来切换到其他ORM工具(如iBatis、TopLink)变得容易，因为该规范对其他工具也是通用的。
*(如果你还记得，你导入javax.persistence.*;当你使用注释或映射(如@Id， @列，@GeneratedValue等)在Hibernate，这是你在Hibernate下使用JPA，你可以使用JPA的@查询和其他功能)
来自维基。
Motivation for creating the Java Persistence API Many enterprise Java developers use lightweight persistent objects provided by open-source frameworks or Data Access Objects instead of entity beans: entity beans and enterprise beans had a reputation of being too heavyweight and complicated, and one could only use them in Java EE application servers. Many of the features of the third-party persistence frameworks were incorporated into the Java Persistence API, and as of 2006 projects like Hibernate (version 3.2) and Open-Source Version TopLink Essentials have become implementations of the Java Persistence API.
正如JCP页面所述，Eclipse链接是JPA的参考实现。再看看这个答案。
JPA本身具有弥补标准ORM框架的功能。由于JPA是Java EE规范的一部分，您可以在项目中单独使用JPA，并且它应该与任何Java EE兼容的服务器一起工作。是的，这些服务器将拥有JPA规范的实现。
Hibernate是最流行的ORM框架，一旦JPA引入，Hibernate就符合JPA规范。除了它应该遵循的基本规范集之外，hibernate还提供了大量额外的东西。
JPA is Java Persistence API. Which Specifies only the specifications for APIs. Means that the set of rules and guidelines for creating the APIs. If says another context, It is set of standards which provides the wrapper for creating those APIs , can be use for accessing entity object from database. JPA is provided by oracle.When we are going to do database access , we definitely needs its implementation. Means JPA specifies only guidelines for implementing APIs. Hibernate is a JPA provider/Vendor who responsible for implementing that APIs. Like Hibernate TopLink and Open JPA is some of examples of JPA API providers. So we uses JPA specified standard APIs through hibernate.
