There is generally nothing to be gained by divorcing object initialization from construction. RAII is correct, a successful call to the constructor should either result in a fully initialized live object or it should fail, and ALL failures at any point in any code path should always throw an exception. You gain nothing by use of a separate init() method except additional complexity at some level. The ctor contract should be either it returns a functional valid object or it cleans up after itself and throws.

考虑一下，如果实现了单独的init方法，仍然必须调用它。它仍然有可能抛出异常，它们仍然必须被处理，而且它们实际上总是必须在构造函数之后立即被调用，除了现在你有4种可能的对象状态而不是2种(IE，已构造，初始化，未初始化，失败vs只是有效和不存在)。

In any case I've run across in 25 years of OO development cases where it seems like a separate init method would 'solve some problem' are design flaws. If you don't need an object NOW then you shouldn't be constructing it now, and if you do need it now then you need it initialized. KISS should always be the principle followed, along with the simple concept that the behavior, state, and API of any interface should reflect WHAT the object does, not HOW it does it, client code should not even be aware that the object has any kind of internal state that requires initialization, thus the init after pattern violates this principle.

构造函数抛出异常是合理的，只要它正确地清理了自己。如果您遵循RAII范式(资源获取即初始化)，那么构造函数通常会做有意义的工作;如果构造函数不能完全初始化，那么编写良好的构造函数将自行清理。

Throwing an exception during construction is a great way to make your code way more complex. Things that would seem simple suddenly become hard. For example, let's say you have a stack. How do you pop the stack and return the top value? Well, if the objects in the stack can throw in their constructors (constructing the temporary to return to the caller), you can't guarantee that you won't lose data (decrement stack pointer, construct return value using copy constructor of value in stack, which throws, and now have a stack that just lost an item)! This is why std::stack::pop does not return a value, and you have to call std::stack::top.

这个问题在这里有很好的描述，检查第10项，编写异常安全的代码。

由于部分创建的类可能导致的所有麻烦，我认为永远不会。

如果需要在构造过程中验证某些内容，请将构造函数设为私有并定义一个公共静态工厂方法。如果某些东西无效，该方法可以抛出。但是如果一切都检查出来了，它就调用构造函数，保证不会抛出。

如果无法创建有效对象，则绝对应该从构造函数抛出异常。这允许您在类中提供适当的不变量。

在实践中，你可能必须非常小心。记住，在c++中，析构函数不会被调用，所以如果你在分配资源后抛出，你需要非常小心地正确处理它!

本页对c++中的情况进行了全面的讨论。

这总是很危险的，特别是当你在构造函数中分配资源时;根据你的语言，析构函数不会被调用，所以你需要手动清理。这取决于在您的语言中对象的生命周期何时开始。

我真正这么做的唯一一次是在某个地方出现了安全问题，这意味着对象不应该，而不是不能，被创建。