我认为Python结构字典适合这个需求。

d = dict{}
d[field1] = field1
d[field2] = field2
d[field2] = field3

这里的一些答案非常详尽。我找到的最简单的选项是(from: http://norvig.com/python-iaq.html):)

class Struct:
    "A structure that can have any fields defined."
    def __init__(self, **entries): self.__dict__.update(entries)

初始化:

>>> options = Struct(answer=42, linelen=80, font='courier')
>>> options.answer
42

添加更多的:

>>> options.cat = "dog"
>>> options.cat
dog

编辑:对不起，没有看到这个例子已经进一步。

一本字典怎么样?

就像这样:

myStruct = {'field1': 'some val', 'field2': 'some val'}

然后你可以使用这个来操作值:

print myStruct['field1']
myStruct['field2'] = 'some other values'

值不一定是字符串。它们可以是其他任何物体。

你可以用元组来做很多你在C语言中使用结构体的事情(比如x,y坐标或RGB颜色)。

对于其他任何东西，你可以使用字典，或像这样的实用程序类:

>>> class Bunch:
...     def __init__(self, **kwds):
...         self.__dict__.update(kwds)
...
>>> mystruct = Bunch(field1=value1, field2=value2)

我认为“权威”的讨论在这里，在Python Cookbook的出版版本中。

我能想到的最干净的方法是使用一个类装饰器，它可以让你声明一个静态类，并将其重写为一个具有正常命名属性的结构体:

from as_struct import struct

@struct
class Product():
    name = 'unknown product'
    quantity = -1
    sku = '-'

# create instance
p = Product('plush toy', sku='12-345-6789')

# check content:
p.name     # plush toy
p.quantity # -1 
p.sku      # 12-345-6789

使用以下装饰器代码:

def struct(struct_class):
    # create a new init
    def struct_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
        i = 0 # we really don't need enumerate() here...
        for value in args:
            name = member_names[i]
            default_value = member_values[i]
            setattr(self, name, value if value is not None else default_value)
            i += 1 # ...we just need to inc an int
        for key,value in kwargs.items():
            i = member_names.index(key)
            default_value = member_values[i]
            setattr(self, key, value if value is not None else default_value)
    # extract the struct members
    member_names = []
    member_values = []
    for attr_name in dir(struct_class):
        if not attr_name.startswith('_'):
            value = getattr(struct_class, attr_name)
            if not callable(value):
                member_names.append(attr_name)
                member_values.append(value)
    # rebind and return
    struct_class.init = struct_init
    return struct_class

它的工作原理是获取类，提取字段名及其默认值，然后重写类的__init__函数，根据知道哪个参数索引映射到哪个属性名来设置self属性。

我还想添加一个使用插槽的解决方案:

class Point:
    __slots__ = ["x", "y"]
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y

Definitely check the documentation for slots but a quick explanation of slots is that it is python's way of saying: "If you can lock these attributes and only these attributes into the class such that you commit that you will not add any new attributes once the class is instantiated (yes you can add new attributes to a class instance, see example below) then I will do away with the large memory allocation that allows for adding new attributes to a class instance and use just what I need for these slotted attributes".

添加属性到类实例的例子(因此不使用插槽):

class Point:
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y

p1 = Point(3,5)
p1.z = 8
print(p1.z)

输出:8

尝试向使用插槽的类实例添加属性的示例:

class Point:
    __slots__ = ["x", "y"]
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y

p1 = Point(3,5)
p1.z = 8

'Point'对象没有属性'z'

这可以有效地作为结构体工作，并且比类使用更少的内存(就像结构体一样，尽管我没有研究具体有多少内存)。如果要创建对象的大量实例且不需要添加属性，建议使用slot。点对象就是一个很好的例子，因为很可能会实例化许多点来描述一个数据集。