你可以通过以下方式在python中访问C-Style struct。

class cstruct:
    var_i = 0
    var_f = 0.0
    var_str = ""

如果你只想使用cstruct的对象

obj = cstruct()
obj.var_i = 50
obj.var_f = 50.00
obj.var_str = "fifty"
print "cstruct: obj i=%d f=%f s=%s" %(obj.var_i, obj.var_f, obj.var_str)

如果你想创建一个cstruct对象的数组

obj_array = [cstruct() for i in range(10)]
obj_array[0].var_i = 10
obj_array[0].var_f = 10.00
obj_array[0].var_str = "ten"

#go ahead and fill rest of array instaces of struct

#print all the value
for i in range(10):
    print "cstruct: obj_array i=%d f=%f s=%s" %(obj_array[i].var_i, obj_array[i].var_f, obj_array[i].var_str)

注意: 请使用你的struct名称，而不是'cstruct'名称 请定义结构的成员变量，而不是var_i, var_f, var_str。

NamedTuple很舒服。但是没有人共享性能和存储。

from typing import NamedTuple
import guppy  # pip install guppy
import timeit


class User:
    def __init__(self, name: str, uid: int):
        self.name = name
        self.uid = uid


class UserSlot:
    __slots__ = ('name', 'uid')

    def __init__(self, name: str, uid: int):
        self.name = name
        self.uid = uid


class UserTuple(NamedTuple):
    # __slots__ = ()  # AttributeError: Cannot overwrite NamedTuple attribute __slots__
    name: str
    uid: int


def get_fn(obj, attr_name: str):
    def get():
        getattr(obj, attr_name)
    return get

if 'memory test':
    obj = [User('Carson', 1) for _ in range(1000000)]      # Cumulative: 189138883
    obj_slot = [UserSlot('Carson', 1) for _ in range(1000000)]          # 77718299  <-- winner
    obj_namedtuple = [UserTuple('Carson', 1) for _ in range(1000000)]   # 85718297
    print(guppy.hpy().heap())  # Run this function individually. 
    """
    Index  Count   %     Size   % Cumulative  % Kind (class / dict of class)
     0 1000000    24 112000000 34 112000000  34 dict of __main__.User
     1 1000000    24 64000000  19 176000000  53 __main__.UserTuple
     2 1000000    24 56000000  17 232000000  70 __main__.User
     3 1000000    24 56000000  17 288000000  87 __main__.UserSlot
     ...
    """

if 'performance test':
    obj = User('Carson', 1)
    obj_slot = UserSlot('Carson', 1)
    obj_tuple = UserTuple('Carson', 1)

    time_normal = min(timeit.repeat(get_fn(obj, 'name'), repeat=20))
    print(time_normal)  # 0.12550550000000005

    time_slot = min(timeit.repeat(get_fn(obj_slot, 'name'), repeat=20))
    print(time_slot)  # 0.1368690000000008

    time_tuple = min(timeit.repeat(get_fn(obj_tuple, 'name'), repeat=20))
    print(time_tuple)  # 0.16006120000000124

    print(time_tuple/time_slot)  # 1.1694481584580898  # The slot is almost 17% faster than NamedTuple on Windows. (Python 3.7.7)

如果你的__dict__没有被使用，请在__slots__(更高的性能和存储)和NamedTuple(清晰的阅读和使用)之间选择。

您可以查看此链接(插槽的使用 )来获取更多的__slots__信息。

https://stackoverflow.com/a/32448434/159695在Python3中不起作用。

https://stackoverflow.com/a/35993/159695在Python3中工作。

然后我扩展它来添加默认值。

class myStruct:
    def __init__(self, **kwds):
        self.x=0
        self.__dict__.update(kwds) # Must be last to accept assigned member variable.
    def __repr__(self):
        args = ['%s=%s' % (k, repr(v)) for (k,v) in vars(self).items()]
        return '%s(%s)' % ( self.__class__.__qualname__, ', '.join(args) )

a=myStruct()
b=myStruct(x=3,y='test')
c=myStruct(x='str')

>>> a
myStruct(x=0)
>>> b
myStruct(x=3, y='test')
>>> c
myStruct(x='str')

有一个python包正是用于此目的。看到cstruct2py

cstruct2py是一个纯python库，用于从C代码生成python类，并使用它们来打包和解包数据。该库可以解析C头文件(结构体、联合、枚举和数组声明)，并在python中模拟它们。生成的python类可以解析和打包数据。

例如:

typedef struct {
  int x;
  int y;
} Point;

after generating pythonic class...
p = Point(x=0x1234, y=0x5678)
p.packed == "\x34\x12\x00\x00\x78\x56\x00\x00"

如何使用

首先，我们需要生成python结构体:

import cstruct2py
parser = cstruct2py.c2py.Parser()
parser.parse_file('examples/example.h')

现在我们可以从C代码中导入所有的名称:

parser.update_globals(globals())

我们也可以直接这样做:

A = parser.parse_string('struct A { int x; int y;};')

使用C代码中的类型和定义

a = A()
a.x = 45
print a
buf = a.packed
b = A(buf)
print b
c = A('aaaa11112222', 2)
print c
print repr(c)

输出将是:

{'x':0x2d, 'y':0x0}
{'x':0x2d, 'y':0x0}
{'x':0x31316161, 'y':0x32323131}
A('aa111122', x=0x31316161, y=0x32323131)

克隆

对于克隆cstruct2py运行:

git clone https://github.com/st0ky/cstruct2py.git --recursive

还可以按位置将初始化参数传递给实例变量

# Abstract struct class       
class Struct:
    def __init__ (self, *argv, **argd):
        if len(argd):
            # Update by dictionary
            self.__dict__.update (argd)
        else:
            # Update by position
            attrs = filter (lambda x: x[0:2] != "__", dir(self))
            for n in range(len(argv)):
                setattr(self, attrs[n], argv[n])

# Specific class
class Point3dStruct (Struct):
    x = 0
    y = 0
    z = 0

pt1 = Point3dStruct()
pt1.x = 10

print pt1.x
print "-"*10

pt2 = Point3dStruct(5, 6)

print pt2.x, pt2.y
print "-"*10

pt3 = Point3dStruct (x=1, y=2, z=3)
print pt3.x, pt3.y, pt3.z
print "-"*10

更新:数据类

随着Python 3.7中数据类的引入，我们已经非常接近了。

下面的示例与下面的NamedTuple示例类似，但是生成的对象是可变的，并且允许使用默认值。

from dataclasses import dataclass


@dataclass
class Point:
    x: float
    y: float
    z: float = 0.0


p = Point(1.5, 2.5)

print(p)  # Point(x=1.5, y=2.5, z=0.0)

如果您想使用更特定的类型注释，这可以很好地配合新的类型模块。

我一直在绝望地等待这一刻!要我说，Data Classes和新的NamedTuple声明，再加上typing模块，简直就是天赐之物!

改进的NamedTuple声明

自从Python 3.6以来，它变得非常简单和美丽(恕我直言)，只要你能忍受不变性。

引入了一种声明NamedTuples的新方法，它也允许类型注释:

from typing import NamedTuple


class User(NamedTuple):
    name: str


class MyStruct(NamedTuple):
    foo: str
    bar: int
    baz: list
    qux: User


my_item = MyStruct('foo', 0, ['baz'], User('peter'))

print(my_item) # MyStruct(foo='foo', bar=0, baz=['baz'], qux=User(name='peter'))