我怎样才能做得快呢?
当然我可以这样做:
static bool ByteArrayCompare(byte[] a1, byte[] a2)
{
if (a1.Length != a2.Length)
return false;
for (int i=0; i<a1.Length; i++)
if (a1[i]!=a2[i])
return false;
return true;
}
但我正在寻找一个BCL函数或一些高度优化的已证明的方法来做到这一点。
java.util.Arrays.equals((sbyte[])(Array)a1, (sbyte[])(Array)a2);
工作得很好，但这似乎不适用于x64。
注意我的快速回答。
当前回答
编辑:现代的快速方法是使用a1.SequenceEquals(a2)
用户gil提出了不安全的代码，产生了这个解决方案:
// Copyright (c) 2008-2013 Hafthor Stefansson
// Distributed under the MIT/X11 software license
// Ref: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
static unsafe bool UnsafeCompare(byte[] a1, byte[] a2) {
unchecked {
if(a1==a2) return true;
if(a1==null || a2==null || a1.Length!=a2.Length)
return false;
fixed (byte* p1=a1, p2=a2) {
byte* x1=p1, x2=p2;
int l = a1.Length;
for (int i=0; i < l/8; i++, x1+=8, x2+=8)
if (*((long*)x1) != *((long*)x2)) return false;
if ((l & 4)!=0) { if (*((int*)x1)!=*((int*)x2)) return false; x1+=4; x2+=4; }
if ((l & 2)!=0) { if (*((short*)x1)!=*((short*)x2)) return false; x1+=2; x2+=2; }
if ((l & 1)!=0) if (*((byte*)x1) != *((byte*)x2)) return false;
return true;
}
}
}
它对尽可能多的数组进行基于64位的比较。这依赖于数组以qword对齐开始的事实。它会工作，如果不是qword对齐，只是没有那么快，如果它是。
它比简单的“for”循环快了大约7个计时器。使用j#库执行相当于原来的' for '循环。使用.SequenceEqual会慢7倍左右;我想只是因为它使用了ienumerator。movenext。我认为基于linq的解决方案至少会这么慢，甚至更糟。
其他回答
使用SequenceEquals进行比较。
似乎EqualBytesLongUnrolled是上述建议中最好的。
被跳过的方法(Enumerable.SequenceEqual,StructuralComparisons.StructuralEqualityComparer.Equals)不是慢速的。在265MB的数组上，我测量了这个:
Host Process Environment Information:
BenchmarkDotNet.Core=v0.9.9.0
OS=Microsoft Windows NT 6.2.9200.0
Processor=Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-3770 CPU 3.40GHz, ProcessorCount=8
Frequency=3323582 ticks, Resolution=300.8802 ns, Timer=TSC
CLR=MS.NET 4.0.30319.42000, Arch=64-bit RELEASE [RyuJIT]
GC=Concurrent Workstation
JitModules=clrjit-v4.6.1590.0
Type=CompareMemoriesBenchmarks Mode=Throughput
Method | Median | StdDev | Scaled | Scaled-SD |
----------------------- |------------ |---------- |------- |---------- |
NewMemCopy | 30.0443 ms | 1.1880 ms | 1.00 | 0.00 |
EqualBytesLongUnrolled | 29.9917 ms | 0.7480 ms | 0.99 | 0.04 |
msvcrt_memcmp | 30.0930 ms | 0.2964 ms | 1.00 | 0.03 |
UnsafeCompare | 31.0520 ms | 0.7072 ms | 1.03 | 0.04 |
ByteArrayCompare | 212.9980 ms | 2.0776 ms | 7.06 | 0.25 |
OS=Windows
Processor=?, ProcessorCount=8
Frequency=3323582 ticks, Resolution=300.8802 ns, Timer=TSC
CLR=CORE, Arch=64-bit ? [RyuJIT]
GC=Concurrent Workstation
dotnet cli version: 1.0.0-preview2-003131
Type=CompareMemoriesBenchmarks Mode=Throughput
Method | Median | StdDev | Scaled | Scaled-SD |
----------------------- |------------ |---------- |------- |---------- |
NewMemCopy | 30.1789 ms | 0.0437 ms | 1.00 | 0.00 |
EqualBytesLongUnrolled | 30.1985 ms | 0.1782 ms | 1.00 | 0.01 |
msvcrt_memcmp | 30.1084 ms | 0.0660 ms | 1.00 | 0.00 |
UnsafeCompare | 31.1845 ms | 0.4051 ms | 1.03 | 0.01 |
ByteArrayCompare | 212.0213 ms | 0.1694 ms | 7.03 | 0.01 |
受到ArekBulski发布的EqualBytesLongUnrolled方法的启发，我确定了一个附加优化的解决方案。在我的实例中，数组中的数组差异往往在数组的尾部附近。在测试中，我发现当这种情况发生在大型数组中时，能够以相反的顺序比较数组元素使这种解决方案比基于memcmp的解决方案获得了巨大的性能提升。下面是解决方案:
public enum CompareDirection { Forward, Backward }
private static unsafe bool UnsafeEquals(byte[] a, byte[] b, CompareDirection direction = CompareDirection.Forward)
{
// returns when a and b are same array or both null
if (a == b) return true;
// if either is null or different lengths, can't be equal
if (a == null || b == null || a.Length != b.Length)
return false;
const int UNROLLED = 16; // count of longs 'unrolled' in optimization
int size = sizeof(long) * UNROLLED; // 128 bytes (min size for 'unrolled' optimization)
int len = a.Length;
int n = len / size; // count of full 128 byte segments
int r = len % size; // count of remaining 'unoptimized' bytes
// pin the arrays and access them via pointers
fixed (byte* pb_a = a, pb_b = b)
{
if (r > 0 && direction == CompareDirection.Backward)
{
byte* pa = pb_a + len - 1;
byte* pb = pb_b + len - 1;
byte* phead = pb_a + len - r;
while(pa >= phead)
{
if (*pa != *pb) return false;
pa--;
pb--;
}
}
if (n > 0)
{
int nOffset = n * size;
if (direction == CompareDirection.Forward)
{
long* pa = (long*)pb_a;
long* pb = (long*)pb_b;
long* ptail = (long*)(pb_a + nOffset);
while (pa < ptail)
{
if (*(pa + 0) != *(pb + 0) || *(pa + 1) != *(pb + 1) ||
*(pa + 2) != *(pb + 2) || *(pa + 3) != *(pb + 3) ||
*(pa + 4) != *(pb + 4) || *(pa + 5) != *(pb + 5) ||
*(pa + 6) != *(pb + 6) || *(pa + 7) != *(pb + 7) ||
*(pa + 8) != *(pb + 8) || *(pa + 9) != *(pb + 9) ||
*(pa + 10) != *(pb + 10) || *(pa + 11) != *(pb + 11) ||
*(pa + 12) != *(pb + 12) || *(pa + 13) != *(pb + 13) ||
*(pa + 14) != *(pb + 14) || *(pa + 15) != *(pb + 15)
)
{
return false;
}
pa += UNROLLED;
pb += UNROLLED;
}
}
else
{
long* pa = (long*)(pb_a + nOffset);
long* pb = (long*)(pb_b + nOffset);
long* phead = (long*)pb_a;
while (phead < pa)
{
if (*(pa - 1) != *(pb - 1) || *(pa - 2) != *(pb - 2) ||
*(pa - 3) != *(pb - 3) || *(pa - 4) != *(pb - 4) ||
*(pa - 5) != *(pb - 5) || *(pa - 6) != *(pb - 6) ||
*(pa - 7) != *(pb - 7) || *(pa - 8) != *(pb - 8) ||
*(pa - 9) != *(pb - 9) || *(pa - 10) != *(pb - 10) ||
*(pa - 11) != *(pb - 11) || *(pa - 12) != *(pb - 12) ||
*(pa - 13) != *(pb - 13) || *(pa - 14) != *(pb - 14) ||
*(pa - 15) != *(pb - 15) || *(pa - 16) != *(pb - 16)
)
{
return false;
}
pa -= UNROLLED;
pb -= UNROLLED;
}
}
}
if (r > 0 && direction == CompareDirection.Forward)
{
byte* pa = pb_a + len - r;
byte* pb = pb_b + len - r;
byte* ptail = pb_a + len;
while(pa < ptail)
{
if (*pa != *pb) return false;
pa++;
pb++;
}
}
}
return true;
}
P/调用能力激活!
[DllImport("msvcrt.dll", CallingConvention=CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
static extern int memcmp(byte[] b1, byte[] b2, long count);
static bool ByteArrayCompare(byte[] b1, byte[] b2)
{
// Validate buffers are the same length.
// This also ensures that the count does not exceed the length of either buffer.
return b1.Length == b2.Length && memcmp(b1, b2, b1.Length) == 0;
}
为了比较短的字节数组，下面是一个有趣的hack:
if(myByteArray1.Length != myByteArray2.Length) return false;
if(myByteArray1.Length == 8)
return BitConverter.ToInt64(myByteArray1, 0) == BitConverter.ToInt64(myByteArray2, 0);
else if(myByteArray.Length == 4)
return BitConverter.ToInt32(myByteArray2, 0) == BitConverter.ToInt32(myByteArray2, 0);
那么，我可能会转而考虑问题中列出的解决方案。
对这段代码进行性能分析会很有趣。
