有没有一种方法可以在C语言中指定函数的默认参数?
当前回答
是的,你可以做一些类似的事情,在这里你必须知道你可以得到的不同的参数列表,但你有相同的函数来处理。
typedef enum { my_input_set1 = 0, my_input_set2, my_input_set3} INPUT_SET;
typedef struct{
INPUT_SET type;
char* text;
} input_set1;
typedef struct{
INPUT_SET type;
char* text;
int var;
} input_set2;
typedef struct{
INPUT_SET type;
int text;
} input_set3;
typedef union
{
INPUT_SET type;
input_set1 set1;
input_set2 set2;
input_set3 set3;
} MY_INPUT;
void my_func(MY_INPUT input)
{
switch(input.type)
{
case my_input_set1:
break;
case my_input_set2:
break;
case my_input_set3:
break;
default:
// unknown input
break;
}
}
其他回答
YES
通过宏
三个参数:
#define my_func2(...) my_func3(__VA_ARGS__, 0.5)
#define my_func1(...) my_func2(__VA_ARGS__, 10)
#define VAR_FUNC(_1, _2, _3, NAME, ...) NAME
#define my_func(...) VAR_FUNC(__VA_ARGS__, my_func3, my_func2, my_func1)(__VA_ARGS__)
void my_func3(char a, int b, float c) // b=10, c=0.5
{
printf("a=%c; b=%d; c=%f\n", a, b, c);
}
如果你想要第4个参数,那么需要添加一个额外的my_func3。注意VAR_FUNC、my_func2和my_func中的变化
4个参数:
#define my_func3(...) my_func4(__VA_ARGS__, "default") // <== New function added
#define my_func2(...) my_func3(__VA_ARGS__, (float)1/2)
#define my_func1(...) my_func2(__VA_ARGS__, 10)
#define VAR_FUNC(_1, _2, _3, _4, NAME, ...) NAME
#define my_func(...) VAR_FUNC(__VA_ARGS__, my_func4, my_func3, my_func2, my_func1)(__VA_ARGS__)
void my_func4(char a, int b, float c, const char* d) // b=10, c=0.5, d="default"
{
printf("a=%c; b=%d; c=%f; d=%s\n", a, b, c, d);
}
唯一的例外是,浮动变量不能被赋予默认值(除非它是3个参数情况下的最后一个参数),因为它们需要句号('.'),这在宏参数中是不被接受的。但可以找出一个工作周围看到my_func2宏(4个参数的情况下)
程序
int main(void)
{
my_func('a');
my_func('b', 20);
my_func('c', 200, 10.5);
my_func('d', 2000, 100.5, "hello");
return 0;
}
输出:
a=a; b=10; c=0.500000; d=default
a=b; b=20; c=0.500000; d=default
a=c; b=200; c=10.500000; d=default
a=d; b=2000; c=100.500000; d=hello
OpenCV使用的是:
/* in the header file */
#ifdef __cplusplus
/* in case the compiler is a C++ compiler */
#define DEFAULT_VALUE(value) = value
#else
/* otherwise, C compiler, do nothing */
#define DEFAULT_VALUE(value)
#endif
void window_set_size(unsigned int width DEFAULT_VALUE(640),
unsigned int height DEFAULT_VALUE(400));
如果用户不知道他应该写什么,这个技巧会很有用:
我改进了Jens Gustedt的回答:
不使用内联函数 默认值在预处理期间计算 模块化可重用宏 可以设置编译器错误,使其与允许的默认值参数不足的情况有意义地匹配 如果实参类型保持无二义性,则不需要默认值来形成形参列表的尾部 与C11 _Generic互操作 根据参数的数量来改变函数名!
variadic.h:
#ifndef VARIADIC
#define _NARG2(_0, _1, _2, ...) _2
#define NUMARG2(...) _NARG2(__VA_ARGS__, 2, 1, 0)
#define _NARG3(_0, _1, _2, _3, ...) _3
#define NUMARG3(...) _NARG3(__VA_ARGS__, 3, 2, 1, 0)
#define _NARG4(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, ...) _4
#define NUMARG4(...) _NARG4(__VA_ARGS__, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0)
#define _NARG5(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, ...) _5
#define NUMARG5(...) _NARG5(__VA_ARGS__, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0)
#define _NARG6(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, ...) _6
#define NUMARG6(...) _NARG6(__VA_ARGS__, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0)
#define _NARG7(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, ...) _7
#define NUMARG7(...) _NARG7(__VA_ARGS__, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0)
#define _NARG8(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, ...) _8
#define NUMARG8(...) _NARG8(__VA_ARGS__, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0)
#define _NARG9(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9, ...) _9
#define NUMARG9(...) _NARG9(__VA_ARGS__, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0)
#define __VARIADIC(name, num_args, ...) name ## _ ## num_args (__VA_ARGS__)
#define _VARIADIC(name, num_args, ...) name (__VARIADIC(name, num_args, __VA_ARGS__))
#define VARIADIC(name, num_args, ...) _VARIADIC(name, num_args, __VA_ARGS__)
#define VARIADIC2(name, num_args, ...) __VARIADIC(name, num_args, __VA_ARGS__)
// Vary function name by number of arguments supplied
#define VARIADIC_NAME(name, num_args) name ## _ ## num_args ## _name ()
#define NVARIADIC(name, num_args, ...) _VARIADIC(VARIADIC_NAME(name, num_args), num_args, __VA_ARGS__)
#endif
简化使用场景:
const uint32*
uint32_frombytes(uint32* out, const uint8* in, size_t bytes);
/*
The output buffer defaults to NULL if not provided.
*/
#include "variadic.h"
#define uint32_frombytes_2( b, c) NULL, b, c
#define uint32_frombytes_3(a, b, c) a, b, c
#define uint32_frombytes(...) VARIADIC(uint32_frombytes, NUMARG3(__VA_ARGS__), __VA_ARGS__)
使用_Generic:
const uint8*
uint16_tobytes(const uint16* in, uint8* out, size_t bytes);
const uint16*
uint16_frombytes(uint16* out, const uint8* in, size_t bytes);
const uint8*
uint32_tobytes(const uint32* in, uint8* out, size_t bytes);
const uint32*
uint32_frombytes(uint32* out, const uint8* in, size_t bytes);
/*
The output buffer defaults to NULL if not provided.
Generic function name supported on the non-uint8 type, except where said type
is unavailable because the argument for output buffer was not provided.
*/
#include "variadic.h"
#define uint16_tobytes_2(a, c) a, NULL, c
#define uint16_tobytes_3(a, b, c) a, b, c
#define uint16_tobytes(...) VARIADIC( uint16_tobytes, NUMARG3(__VA_ARGS__), __VA_ARGS__)
#define uint16_frombytes_2( b, c) NULL, b, c
#define uint16_frombytes_3(a, b, c) a, b, c
#define uint16_frombytes(...) VARIADIC(uint16_frombytes, NUMARG3(__VA_ARGS__), __VA_ARGS__)
#define uint32_tobytes_2(a, c) a, NULL, c
#define uint32_tobytes_3(a, b, c) a, b, c
#define uint32_tobytes(...) VARIADIC( uint32_tobytes, NUMARG3(__VA_ARGS__), __VA_ARGS__)
#define uint32_frombytes_2( b, c) NULL, b, c
#define uint32_frombytes_3(a, b, c) a, b, c
#define uint32_frombytes(...) VARIADIC(uint32_frombytes, NUMARG3(__VA_ARGS__), __VA_ARGS__)
#define tobytes(a, ...) _Generic((a), \
const uint16*: uint16_tobytes, \
const uint32*: uint32_tobytes) (VARIADIC2( uint32_tobytes, NUMARG3(a, __VA_ARGS__), a, __VA_ARGS__))
#define frombytes(a, ...) _Generic((a), \
uint16*: uint16_frombytes, \
uint32*: uint32_frombytes)(VARIADIC2(uint32_frombytes, NUMARG3(a, __VA_ARGS__), a, __VA_ARGS__))
和可变函数名选择,不能与_Generic组合:
// winternitz() with 5 arguments is replaced with merkle_lamport() on those 5 arguments.
#define merkle_lamport_5(a, b, c, d, e) a, b, c, d, e
#define winternitz_7(a, b, c, d, e, f, g) a, b, c, d, e, f, g
#define winternitz_5_name() merkle_lamport
#define winternitz_7_name() winternitz
#define winternitz(...) NVARIADIC(winternitz, NUMARG7(__VA_ARGS__), __VA_ARGS__)
为什么我们不能这样做呢?
给可选参数一个默认值。这样,函数的调用者就不一定需要传递实参的值。参数接受默认值。 很容易,这个参数对客户端来说是可选的。
如。
Void foo(int a, int b = 0);
这里b是可选参数。