我发现它更方便访问字典键作为obj。foo而不是obj['foo']，所以我写了这个片段:
class AttributeDict(dict):
def __getattr__(self, attr):
return self[attr]
def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
self[attr] = value
然而，我认为一定有一些原因，Python没有提供开箱即用的功能。以这种方式访问字典键的注意事项和缺陷是什么?
当前回答
你可以从标准库中获取一个方便的容器类:
from argparse import Namespace
避免复制代码位。没有标准的字典访问，但如果你真的想要的话，很容易得到一个。argparse中的代码很简单，
class Namespace(_AttributeHolder):
"""Simple object for storing attributes.
Implements equality by attribute names and values, and provides a simple
string representation.
"""
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
for name in kwargs:
setattr(self, name, kwargs[name])
__hash__ = None
def __eq__(self, other):
return vars(self) == vars(other)
def __ne__(self, other):
return not (self == other)
def __contains__(self, key):
return key in self.__dict__
其他回答
如果使用数组表示法，则可以将所有合法字符串字符作为键的一部分。 例如，obj['!#$%^&*()_']
显然，现在有一个库- https://pypi.python.org/pypi/attrdict -实现了这个确切的功能，加上递归合并和json加载。也许值得一看。
让我发布另一个实现，它基于Kinvais的答案，但集成了http://databio.org/posts/python_AttributeDict.html中提出的AttributeDict的思想。
这个版本的优点是它也适用于嵌套字典:
class AttrDict(dict):
"""
A class to convert a nested Dictionary into an object with key-values
that are accessible using attribute notation (AttrDict.attribute) instead of
key notation (Dict["key"]). This class recursively sets Dicts to objects,
allowing you to recurse down nested dicts (like: AttrDict.attr.attr)
"""
# Inspired by:
# http://stackoverflow.com/a/14620633/1551810
# http://databio.org/posts/python_AttributeDict.html
def __init__(self, iterable, **kwargs):
super(AttrDict, self).__init__(iterable, **kwargs)
for key, value in iterable.items():
if isinstance(value, dict):
self.__dict__[key] = AttrDict(value)
else:
self.__dict__[key] = value
为了给答案增加一些变化，sci-kit learn将其实现为一串:
class Bunch(dict):
""" Scikit Learn's container object
Dictionary-like object that exposes its keys as attributes.
>>> b = Bunch(a=1, b=2)
>>> b['b']
2
>>> b.b
2
>>> b.c = 6
>>> b['c']
6
"""
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super(Bunch, self).__init__(kwargs)
def __setattr__(self, key, value):
self[key] = value
def __dir__(self):
return self.keys()
def __getattr__(self, key):
try:
return self[key]
except KeyError:
raise AttributeError(key)
def __setstate__(self, state):
pass
您所需要的是获取setattr和getattr方法—getattr检查字典键，然后继续检查实际属性。setstaet是针对pickle /unpickling“bunch”的修复-如果感兴趣，请检查https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/issues/6196
很抱歉再添加一个，但这一个解决了subdicts和纠正AttributeError，尽管非常简单:
class DotDict(dict):
def __init__(self, d: dict = {}):
super().__init__()
for key, value in d.items():
self[key] = DotDict(value) if type(value) is dict else value
def __getattr__(self, key):
if key in self:
return self[key]
raise AttributeError(key) #Set proper exception, not KeyError
__setattr__ = dict.__setitem__
__delattr__ = dict.__delitem__
