我发现它更方便访问字典键作为obj。foo而不是obj['foo'],所以我写了这个片段:
class AttributeDict(dict):
def __getattr__(self, attr):
return self[attr]
def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
self[attr] = value
然而,我认为一定有一些原因,Python没有提供开箱即用的功能。以这种方式访问字典键的注意事项和缺陷是什么?
由于以下原因,我对现有的选项不满意,于是我开发了MetaDict。它的行为完全类似于dict,但支持点表示法和IDE自动补全,而没有其他解决方案的缺点和潜在的名称空间冲突。所有功能和使用示例都可以在GitHub上找到(见上面的链接)。
完全披露:我是MetaDict的作者。
我在尝试其他解决方案时遇到的缺点/限制:
Addict
No key autocompletion in IDE
Nested key assignment cannot be turned off
Newly assigned dict objects are not converted to support attribute-style key access
Shadows inbuilt type Dict
Prodict
No key autocompletion in IDE without defining a static schema (similar to dataclass)
No recursive conversion of dict objects when embedded in list or other inbuilt iterables
AttrDict
No key autocompletion in IDE
Converts list objects to tuple behind the scenes
Munch
Inbuilt methods like items(), update(), etc. can be overwritten with obj.items = [1, 2, 3]
No recursive conversion of dict objects when embedded in list or other inbuilt iterables
EasyDict
Only strings are valid keys, but dict accepts all hashable objects as keys
Inbuilt methods like items(), update(), etc. can be overwritten with obj.items = [1, 2, 3]
Inbuilt methods don't behave as expected: obj.pop('unknown_key', None) raises an AttributeError
让我发布另一个实现,它基于Kinvais的答案,但集成了http://databio.org/posts/python_AttributeDict.html中提出的AttributeDict的思想。
这个版本的优点是它也适用于嵌套字典:
class AttrDict(dict):
"""
A class to convert a nested Dictionary into an object with key-values
that are accessible using attribute notation (AttrDict.attribute) instead of
key notation (Dict["key"]). This class recursively sets Dicts to objects,
allowing you to recurse down nested dicts (like: AttrDict.attr.attr)
"""
# Inspired by:
# http://stackoverflow.com/a/14620633/1551810
# http://databio.org/posts/python_AttributeDict.html
def __init__(self, iterable, **kwargs):
super(AttrDict, self).__init__(iterable, **kwargs)
for key, value in iterable.items():
if isinstance(value, dict):
self.__dict__[key] = AttrDict(value)
else:
self.__dict__[key] = value
编辑:NeoBunch是废弃的,Munch(上面提到过)可以作为一个替代品。不过,我把这个解决方案留在这里,它可能对某些人有用。
正如Doug所指出的,有一个Bunch包,你可以使用它来实现obj。关键功能。实际上有一个更新的版本叫做
尼奥邦克·蒙克
它有一个伟大的功能,通过neobunchify函数将你的字典转换为NeoBunch对象。我经常使用Mako模板,将数据作为NeoBunch对象传递使它们更具可读性,所以如果你碰巧在你的Python程序中使用了一个普通的字典,但想要在Mako模板中使用点符号,你可以这样使用:
from mako.template import Template
from neobunch import neobunchify
mako_template = Template(filename='mako.tmpl', strict_undefined=True)
data = {'tmpl_data': [{'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}]}
with open('out.txt', 'w') as out_file:
out_file.write(mako_template.render(**neobunchify(data)))
Mako模板看起来像这样:
% for d in tmpl_data:
Column1 Column2
${d.key1} ${d.key2}
% endfor