我发现它更方便访问字典键作为obj。foo而不是obj['foo']，所以我写了这个片段:
class AttributeDict(dict):
def __getattr__(self, attr):
return self[attr]
def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
self[attr] = value
然而，我认为一定有一些原因，Python没有提供开箱即用的功能。以这种方式访问字典键的注意事项和缺陷是什么?
当前回答
使用SimpleNamespace:
from types import SimpleNamespace
obj = SimpleNamespace(color="blue", year=2050)
print(obj.color) #> "blue"
print(obj.year) #> 2050
编辑/更新:对OP的问题的更近的答案，从字典开始:
from types import SimpleNamespace
params = {"color":"blue", "year":2020}
obj = SimpleNamespace(**params)
print(obj.color) #> "blue"
print(obj.year) #> 2050
其他回答
使用SimpleNamespace:
from types import SimpleNamespace
obj = SimpleNamespace(color="blue", year=2050)
print(obj.color) #> "blue"
print(obj.year) #> 2050
编辑/更新:对OP的问题的更近的答案，从字典开始:
from types import SimpleNamespace
params = {"color":"blue", "year":2020}
obj = SimpleNamespace(**params)
print(obj.color) #> "blue"
print(obj.year) #> 2050
我根据这个线程的输入创建了这个。我需要使用odect，所以我必须覆盖get和设置attr。我认为这应该适用于大多数特殊用途。
用法如下:
# Create an ordered dict normally...
>>> od = OrderedAttrDict()
>>> od["a"] = 1
>>> od["b"] = 2
>>> od
OrderedAttrDict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])
# Get and set data using attribute access...
>>> od.a
1
>>> od.b = 20
>>> od
OrderedAttrDict([('a', 1), ('b', 20)])
# Setting a NEW attribute only creates it on the instance, not the dict...
>>> od.c = 8
>>> od
OrderedAttrDict([('a', 1), ('b', 20)])
>>> od.c
8
类:
class OrderedAttrDict(odict.OrderedDict):
"""
Constructs an odict.OrderedDict with attribute access to data.
Setting a NEW attribute only creates it on the instance, not the dict.
Setting an attribute that is a key in the data will set the dict data but
will not create a new instance attribute
"""
def __getattr__(self, attr):
"""
Try to get the data. If attr is not a key, fall-back and get the attr
"""
if self.has_key(attr):
return super(OrderedAttrDict, self).__getitem__(attr)
else:
return super(OrderedAttrDict, self).__getattr__(attr)
def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
"""
Try to set the data. If attr is not a key, fall-back and set the attr
"""
if self.has_key(attr):
super(OrderedAttrDict, self).__setitem__(attr, value)
else:
super(OrderedAttrDict, self).__setattr__(attr, value)
这是一个非常酷的模式，已经在线程中提到了，但如果你只是想把字典转换成一个在IDE中使用自动完成的对象，等等:
class ObjectFromDict(object):
def __init__(self, d):
self.__dict__ = d
如果使用数组表示法，则可以将所有合法字符串字符作为键的一部分。 例如，obj['!#$%^&*()_']
解决方案是:
DICT_RESERVED_KEYS = vars(dict).keys()
class SmartDict(dict):
"""
A Dict which is accessible via attribute dot notation
"""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
:param args: multiple dicts ({}, {}, ..)
:param kwargs: arbitrary keys='value'
If ``keyerror=False`` is passed then not found attributes will
always return None.
"""
super(SmartDict, self).__init__()
self['__keyerror'] = kwargs.pop('keyerror', True)
[self.update(arg) for arg in args if isinstance(arg, dict)]
self.update(kwargs)
def __getattr__(self, attr):
if attr not in DICT_RESERVED_KEYS:
if self['__keyerror']:
return self[attr]
else:
return self.get(attr)
return getattr(self, attr)
def __setattr__(self, key, value):
if key in DICT_RESERVED_KEYS:
raise AttributeError("You cannot set a reserved name as attribute")
self.__setitem__(key, value)
def __copy__(self):
return self.__class__(self)
def copy(self):
return self.__copy__()
如果你想要一个方法的键，比如__eq__或__getattr__呢?
而且不能有一个不以字母开头的条目，因此使用0343853作为键是无效的。
如果你不想使用字符串呢?
