我发现它更方便访问字典键作为obj。foo而不是obj['foo']，所以我写了这个片段:
class AttributeDict(dict):
def __getattr__(self, attr):
return self[attr]
def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
self[attr] = value
然而，我认为一定有一些原因，Python没有提供开箱即用的功能。以这种方式访问字典键的注意事项和缺陷是什么?
当前回答
使用SimpleNamespace:
from types import SimpleNamespace
obj = SimpleNamespace(color="blue", year=2050)
print(obj.color) #> "blue"
print(obj.year) #> 2050
编辑/更新:对OP的问题的更近的答案，从字典开始:
from types import SimpleNamespace
params = {"color":"blue", "year":2020}
obj = SimpleNamespace(**params)
print(obj.color) #> "blue"
print(obj.year) #> 2050
其他回答
这并没有解决最初的问题，但是对于像我这样在这里寻找提供此功能的库的人来说应该是有用的。
Addict是一个很棒的库:https://github.com/mewwts/addict它照顾了前面的答案中提到的许多问题。
文档中的一个例子:
body = {
'query': {
'filtered': {
'query': {
'match': {'description': 'addictive'}
},
'filter': {
'term': {'created_by': 'Mats'}
}
}
}
}
成瘾者:
from addict import Dict
body = Dict()
body.query.filtered.query.match.description = 'addictive'
body.query.filtered.filter.term.created_by = 'Mats'
class AttrDict(dict):
def __init__(self):
self.__dict__ = self
if __name__ == '____main__':
d = AttrDict()
d['ray'] = 'hope'
d.sun = 'shine' >>> Now we can use this . notation
print d['ray']
print d.sun
这就是我用的
args = {
'batch_size': 32,
'workers': 4,
'train_dir': 'train',
'val_dir': 'val',
'lr': 1e-3,
'momentum': 0.9,
'weight_decay': 1e-4
}
args = namedtuple('Args', ' '.join(list(args.keys())))(**args)
print (args.lr)
这个答案摘自Luciano Ramalho的《流利的Python》一书。这要归功于那个家伙。
class AttrDict:
"""A read-only façade for navigating a JSON-like object
using attribute notation
"""
def __init__(self, mapping):
self._data = dict(mapping)
def __getattr__(self, name):
if hasattr(self._data, name):
return getattr(self._data, name)
else:
return AttrDict.build(self._data[name])
@classmethod
def build(cls, obj):
if isinstance(obj, Mapping):
return cls(obj)
elif isinstance(obj, MutableSequence):
return [cls.build(item) for item in obj]
else:
return obj
in the init we are taking the dict and making it a dictionary. when getattr is used we try to get the attribute from the dict if the dict already has that attribute. or else we are passing the argument to a class method called build. now build does the intresting thing. if the object is dict or a mapping like that, the that object is made an attr dict itself. if it's a sequence like list, it's passed to the build function we r on right now. if it's anythin else, like str or int. return the object itself.
product怎么样，我写了一个小小的Python类来统治它们:)
此外，您还可以获得自动代码完成、递归对象实例化和自动类型转换!
你完全可以做到你所要求的:
p = Prodict()
p.foo = 1
p.bar = "baz"
例1:类型提示
class Country(Prodict):
name: str
population: int
turkey = Country()
turkey.name = 'Turkey'
turkey.population = 79814871
例2:自动类型转换
germany = Country(name='Germany', population='82175700', flag_colors=['black', 'red', 'yellow'])
print(germany.population) # 82175700
print(type(germany.population)) # <class 'int'>
print(germany.flag_colors) # ['black', 'red', 'yellow']
print(type(germany.flag_colors)) # <class 'list'>
