这并不是严格意义上的，因为NTFS文件系统支持最多32k个字符的路径。你可以使用win32 api和“\\?”使用大于260个字符作为路径前缀。

. net BCL团队博客中关于漫长路径的详细解释。 一个小节选强调了长路径的问题

Another concern is inconsistent behavior that would result by exposing long path support. Long paths with the \\?\ prefix can be used in most of the file-related Windows APIs, but not all Windows APIs. For example, LoadLibrary, which maps a module into the address of the calling process, fails if the file name is longer than MAX_PATH. So this means MoveFile will let you move a DLL to a location such that its path is longer than 260 characters, but when you try to load the DLL, it would fail. There are similar examples throughout the Windows APIs; some workarounds exist, but they are on a case-by-case basis.

另一种处理方法是使用Cygwin，这取决于您想对文件做什么(即Cygwin命令是否适合您的需要)

例如，它允许复制、移动或重命名连Windows资源管理器都做不到的文件。当然，也可以处理它们的内容，如md5sum、grep、gzip等。

此外，对于你正在编写的程序，你可以将它们链接到Cygwin DLL，这将使它们能够使用长路径(我还没有测试这个)

至于为什么这个问题仍然存在——微软并不认为它是一个优先级，并且认为向后兼容性比改进他们的操作系统更重要(至少在这种情况下)。

我使用的一种变通方法是为路径中的目录使用“短名称”，而不是使用标准的、人类可读的版本。例如，对于C:\Program Files\，我会使用C:\PROGRA~1\你可以使用dir /x找到简短的等价名称。

您可以使用PowerShell启用长路径名:

Set-ItemProperty -Path 'HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\FileSystem' -Name LongPathsEnabled -Type DWord -Value 1 

另一个版本是在计算机配置/管理模板/系统/文件系统中使用组策略:

引用这篇文章https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/FileIO/naming-a-file#maximum-path-length-limitation

Maximum Path Length Limitation In the Windows API (with some exceptions discussed in the following paragraphs), the maximum length for a path is MAX_PATH, which is defined as 260 characters. A local path is structured in the following order: drive letter, colon, backslash, name components separated by backslashes, and a terminating null character. For example, the maximum path on drive D is "D:\some 256-character path string<NUL>" where "<NUL>" represents the invisible terminating null character for the current system codepage. (The characters < > are used here for visual clarity and cannot be part of a valid path string.)

现在我们看到它是1+2+256+1或[drive][:\][path][null] = 260。从DOS时代开始，人们可以假设256是一个合理的固定字符串长度。回到DOS api，我们意识到系统跟踪每个驱动器的当前路径，我们有26个(32个带符号)最大驱动器(和当前目录)。

INT 0x21 AH=0x47表示“该函数返回不带驱动器号和初始反斜杠的路径描述。”因此，我们看到系统将CWD存储为一对(驱动器，路径)，您通过指定驱动器(1= a, 2=B，…)来请求路径，如果您指定0，那么它假设由INT 0x21 AH=0x15 AL=0x19返回的驱动器的路径。现在我们知道为什么是260而不是256了，因为这4个字节没有存储在路径字符串中。

为什么是256字节的路径字符串，因为640K的内存足够了。

这并不是严格意义上的，因为NTFS文件系统支持最多32k个字符的路径。你可以使用win32 api和“\\?”使用大于260个字符作为路径前缀。

. net BCL团队博客中关于漫长路径的详细解释。 一个小节选强调了长路径的问题

Another concern is inconsistent behavior that would result by exposing long path support. Long paths with the \\?\ prefix can be used in most of the file-related Windows APIs, but not all Windows APIs. For example, LoadLibrary, which maps a module into the address of the calling process, fails if the file name is longer than MAX_PATH. So this means MoveFile will let you move a DLL to a location such that its path is longer than 260 characters, but when you try to load the DLL, it would fail. There are similar examples throughout the Windows APIs; some workarounds exist, but they are on a case-by-case basis.