有一件事让我对DI有点不安，那就是假设所有注入的对象都很容易实例化，而且不会产生副作用- or -依赖关系被频繁使用，以至于它超过了任何相关的实例化成本。

当依赖项在消费类中不经常使用时，这一点可能很重要;比如IExceptionLogHandlerService。显然，这样的服务很少在类中调用(希望:))——大概只在需要记录异常时调用;然而，规范的构造器-注入模式……

Public Class MyClass
    Private ReadOnly mExLogHandlerService As IExceptionLogHandlerService

    Public Sub New(exLogHandlerService As IExceptionLogHandlerService)
        Me.mExLogHandlerService = exLogHandlerService
    End Sub

    ' ...
End Class

.．.要求提供该服务的“活动”实例，该死的成本/副作用。并不是说它可能会这样做，但是如果构建这个依赖实例涉及到服务/数据库命中，或配置文件查找，或在释放之前锁定资源，该怎么办呢?如果该服务是按需构建的、服务定位的或工厂生成的(它们都有各自的问题)，那么您将只在必要时才承担构建成本。

Now, it is a generally accepted software design principle that constructing an object is cheap and doesn't produce side-effects. And while that's a nice notion, it isn't always the case. Using typical constructor-injection however basically demands that this is the case. Meaning when you create an implementation of a dependency, you have to design it with DI in mind. Maybe you would have made object-construction more costly to obtain benefits elsewhere, but if this implementation is going to be injected, it will likely force you to reconsider that design.

顺便说一下，某些技术可以通过允许延迟加载注入的依赖项来缓解这个问题，例如，提供一个Lazy<IService>实例类作为依赖项。这将改变依赖对象的构造函数，并使其更加了解实现细节，例如对象构造开销，这也可以说是不可取的。

有一件事让我对DI有点不安，那就是假设所有注入的对象都很容易实例化，而且不会产生副作用- or -依赖关系被频繁使用，以至于它超过了任何相关的实例化成本。

当依赖项在消费类中不经常使用时，这一点可能很重要;比如IExceptionLogHandlerService。显然，这样的服务很少在类中调用(希望:))——大概只在需要记录异常时调用;然而，规范的构造器-注入模式……

Public Class MyClass
    Private ReadOnly mExLogHandlerService As IExceptionLogHandlerService

    Public Sub New(exLogHandlerService As IExceptionLogHandlerService)
        Me.mExLogHandlerService = exLogHandlerService
    End Sub

    ' ...
End Class

.．.要求提供该服务的“活动”实例，该死的成本/副作用。并不是说它可能会这样做，但是如果构建这个依赖实例涉及到服务/数据库命中，或配置文件查找，或在释放之前锁定资源，该怎么办呢?如果该服务是按需构建的、服务定位的或工厂生成的(它们都有各自的问题)，那么您将只在必要时才承担构建成本。

Now, it is a generally accepted software design principle that constructing an object is cheap and doesn't produce side-effects. And while that's a nice notion, it isn't always the case. Using typical constructor-injection however basically demands that this is the case. Meaning when you create an implementation of a dependency, you have to design it with DI in mind. Maybe you would have made object-construction more costly to obtain benefits elsewhere, but if this implementation is going to be injected, it will likely force you to reconsider that design.

顺便说一下，某些技术可以通过允许延迟加载注入的依赖项来缓解这个问题，例如，提供一个Lazy<IService>实例类作为依赖项。这将改变依赖对象的构造函数，并使其更加了解实现细节，例如对象构造开销，这也可以说是不可取的。

当您不断地使用技术来处理静态类型时，静态类型语言的假定好处似乎大大减少了。我刚刚采访的一家大型Java商店正在用静态代码分析绘制他们的构建依赖关系……它必须解析所有的Spring文件才能有效。

以下几点:

DI增加了复杂性，通常是通过增加类的数量，因为责任分离得更多，这并不总是有益的 您的代码将(在某种程度上)耦合到您使用的依赖注入框架(或者更一般地说，如何决定实现DI模式) 执行类型解析的DI容器或方法通常会导致轻微的运行时损失(非常可以忽略不计，但它确实存在)

通常，解耦的好处是使每个任务更易于阅读和理解，但增加了编排更复杂任务的复杂性。

代码可读性。由于依赖关系隐藏在XML文件中，因此您无法轻松地找出代码流。

在过去的6个月里，我一直在广泛使用Guice (Java DI框架)。虽然总的来说我认为它很棒(特别是从测试的角度来看)，但也有一些缺点。最值得注意的是:

Code can become harder to understand. Dependency injection can be used in very... creative... ways. For example I just came across some code that used a custom annotation to inject a certain IOStreams (eg: @Server1Stream, @Server2Stream). While this does work, and I'll admit has a certain elegance, it makes understanding the Guice injections a prerequisite to understanding the code. Higher learning curve when learning project. This is related to point 1. In order to understand how a project that uses dependency injection works, you need to understand both the dependency injection pattern and the specific framework. When I started at my current job I spent quite a few confused hours groking what Guice was doing behind the scenes. Constructors become large. Although this can be largely resolved with a default constructor or a factory. Errors can be obfuscated. My most recent example of this was I had a collision on 2 flag names. Guice swallowed the error silently and one of my flags wasn't initialized. Errors are pushed to run-time. If you configure your Guice module incorrectly (circular reference, bad binding, ...) most of the errors are not uncovered during compile-time. Instead, the errors are exposed when the program is actually run.

既然我已经抱怨过了。让我说，我将继续在我当前的项目中(很可能是在下一个项目中)使用Guice。依赖注入是一种非常强大的模式。但它肯定会让人困惑，无论你选择什么依赖注入框架，你几乎肯定会花一些时间咒骂。

另外，我同意其他发帖者的观点，依赖注入可能被过度使用。