在我看来，你是在问静态变量，但你也在你的例子中指出了静态方法。

静态变量并不是邪恶的——它们被采用为全局变量，就像大多数情况下与最终修饰符结合的常量一样，但正如它所说的，不要过度使用它们。

静态方法又名实用方法。使用它们通常不是一个坏的做法，但主要的问题是它们可能阻碍测试。

作为一个伟大的java项目的例子，使用了大量的静态和做它的正确方式，请看看Play!框架。在SO中也有关于它的讨论。

与静态导入相结合的静态变量/方法也被广泛应用于方便java中声明性编程的库中，如:make it easy或Hamcrest。如果没有大量的静态变量和方法，这是不可能的。

所以静态变量(和方法)很好，但要明智地使用它们!

如果我必须在一个类中对一个函数进行10,000次调用，我会 很高兴使方法静态和使用直接 使用class.methodCall()来代替内存中10,000的混乱 类的实例，对吧?

您必须平衡将数据封装到具有状态的对象中的需求，以及简单地计算某些数据上的函数的结果的需求。

此外，静态减少了对代码其他部分的相互依赖。

封装也是如此。在大型应用程序中，静态方法往往会产生意大利面条式的代码，并且不容易进行重构或测试。

其他答案也为反对过度使用静态数据提供了很好的理由。

Static variables are generally considered bad because they represent global state and are therefore much more difficult to reason about. In particular, they break the assumptions of object-oriented programming. In object-oriented programming, each object has its own state, represented by instance (non-static) variables. Static variables represent state across instances which can be much more difficult to unit test. This is mainly because it is more difficult to isolate changes to static variables to a single test.

也就是说，区分常规静态变量(通常被认为是不好的)和最终静态变量(AKA常量;还不错)。

在你的文章中有两个主要问题。

First, about static variables. Static variables are completelly unnecesary and it's use can be avoided easily. In OOP languajes in general, and in Java particularlly, function parameters are pased by reference, this is to say, if you pass an object to a funciont, you are passing a pointer to the object, so you dont need to define static variables since you can pass a pointer to the object to any scope that needs this information. Even if this implies that yo will fill your memory with pointers, this will not necesary represent a poor performance because actual memory pagging systems are optimized to handle with this, and they will maintain in memory the pages referenced by the pointers you passed to the new scope; usage of static variables may cause the system to load the memory page where they are stored when they need to be accessed (this will happen if the page has not been accesed in a long time). A good practice is to put all that static stuf together in some little "configuration clases", this will ensure the system puts it all in the same memory page.

Second, about static methods. Static methods are not so bad, but they can quickly reduce performance. For example, think about a method that compares two objects of a class and returns a value indicating which of the objects is bigger (tipical comparison method) this method can be static or not, but when invoking it the non static form will be more eficient since it will have to solve only two references (one for each object) face to the three references that will have to solve the static version of the same method (one for the class plus two, one for each object). But as I say, this is not so bad, if we take a look at the Math class, we can find a lot of math functions defined as static methods. This is really more eficient than putting all these methods in the class defining the numbers, because most of them are rarelly used and including all of them in the number class will cause the class to be very complex and consume a lot of resources unnecesarilly.

总之:在处理静态或非静态方法时，避免使用静态变量，并找到正确的性能平衡。

PS:抱歉我的英语不好。

不。全球国家本身并不邪恶。但我们必须看看你的代码，看看你是否正确使用了它。一个新手很有可能滥用全局状态;就像他会滥用每一种语言特性一样。

全局状态是绝对必要的。我们不能回避全球国家。我们无法避免对全球状态进行推理。-如果我们关心我们的应用程序语义。

那些为了摆脱全局状态而试图摆脱全局状态的人，最终不可避免地会得到一个更复杂的系统——全局状态仍然存在，巧妙地/愚蠢地伪装在许多层间接之下;在解开所有的间接之后，我们仍然需要推理全局状态。

就像Spring的人在xml中大量声明全局状态，并认为它在某种程度上更优越。

@Jon Skeet如果我创建一个对象的新实例，现在你有两件事要考虑——对象内部的状态，以及承载对象的环境的状态。

“静态是邪恶的”这个问题更多的是关于全局状态的问题。一个变量保持静态的适当时间是当它从来没有超过一个状态时;IE工具应该可以被整个框架访问，并且总是为相同的方法调用返回相同的结果，这些都不是静态的“邪恶”。关于你的评论:

我发现静态变量使用起来更方便。我认为他们也很有效率

对于永远不会改变的变量/类，静态是理想和有效的选择。

The problem with global state is the inherent inconsistency that it can create. Documentation about unit tests often address this issue, since any time there is a global state that can be accessed by more than multiple unrelated objects, your unit tests will be incomplete, and not 'unit' grained. As mentioned in this article about global state and singletons, if object A and B are unrelated (as in one is not expressly given reference to another), then A should not be able to affect the state of B.

在良好的代码中，有一些禁用全局状态的例外，例如时钟。时间是全局的，在某种意义上，它改变了对象的状态，而不需要编码关系。