在 MDN 中查看此链接

let x = 1;

if (x === 1) {
let x = 2;

console.log(x);
// expected output: 2
}

console.log(x);
// expected output: 1

以下两个功能可以显示差异:

function varTest() {
    var x = 31;
    if (true) {
        var x = 71;  // Same variable!
        console.log(x);  // 71
    }
    console.log(x);  // 71
}

function letTest() {
    let x = 31;
    if (true) {
        let x = 71;  // Different variable
        console.log(x);  // 71
    }
    console.log(x);  // 31
}

如果我正确地阅读规格,那么幸运的是,也可以被利用,以避免自我呼吁的功能,用于模拟私人成员 - 一个流行的设计模式,减少代码的可读性,复杂的漏洞,没有添加真正的代码保护或其他好处 - 除了可能满足某人的欲望,以便停止使用它。

var SomeConstructor;

{
    let privateScope = {};

    SomeConstructor = function SomeConstructor () {
        this.someProperty = "foo";
        privateScope.hiddenProperty = "bar";
    }

    SomeConstructor.prototype.showPublic = function () {
        console.log(this.someProperty); // foo
    }

    SomeConstructor.prototype.showPrivate = function () {
        console.log(privateScope.hiddenProperty); // bar
    }

}

var myInstance = new SomeConstructor();

myInstance.showPublic();
myInstance.showPrivate();

console.log(privateScope.hiddenProperty); // error

查看“私人界面模拟”

答案缺少一点:

{
  let a = 123;
};

console.log(a); // ReferenceError: a is not defined

函数 VS 区块范围:

与 var 和 let 的主要区别是,与 var 宣言的变量是函数分解的,而与 let 宣言的函数是区块分解的。

function testVar () {
  if(true) {
    var foo = 'foo';
  }

  console.log(foo);
}

testVar();  
// logs 'foo'


function testLet () {
  if(true) {
    let bar = 'bar';
  }

  console.log(bar);
}

testLet(); 
// reference error
// bar is scoped to the block of the if statement 

当第一个函数测试Var 被称为变量 foo 时,与 var 声明,仍然在 if 声明之外可用。

与Let的变量:

当第二个函数测试Let被称为变量栏,用Let表示,仅可在 if 声明中访问,因为用Let表示的变量是区块分开的(其中一个区块是曲线条之间的代码,例如,如果{},为{},函数{})。

请不要让变量变量:

变量与不要被抓住:

console.log(letVar);

let letVar = 10;
// referenceError, the variable doesn't get hoisted

与 var do 相容的变量:

console.log(varVar);

var varVar = 10;
// logs undefined, the variable gets hoisted

var bar = 5;
let foo  = 10;

console.log(bar); // logs 5
console.log(foo); // logs 10

console.log(window.bar);  
// logs 5, variable added to window object

console.log(window.foo);
// logs undefined, variable not added to window object

// An array of adder functions.
var adderFunctions = [];

for (var i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
  // We want the function at index i to add the index to its argument.
  adderFunctions[i] = function(x) {
    // What is i bound to here?
    return x + i;
  };
}

var add12 = adderFunctions[12];

// Uh oh. The function is bound to i in the outer scope, which is currently 1000.
console.log(add12(8) === 20); // => false
console.log(add12(8) === 1008); // => true
console.log(i); // => 1000

// It gets worse.
i = -8;
console.log(add12(8) === 0); // => true

上面的过程不会产生所需的函数序列,因为我的范围超越了每个函数创建的区块的 iteration。 相反,在环节结束时,每个函数的 i 关闭指在环节结束时的 i 值(1000)为每个在 adder 中的匿名函数。

// Let's try this again.
// NOTE: We're using another ES6 keyword, const, for values that won't
// be reassigned. const and let have similar scoping behavior.
const adderFunctions = [];

for (let i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
  // NOTE: We're using the newer arrow function syntax this time, but 
  // using the "function(x) { ..." syntax from the previous example 
  // here would not change the behavior shown.
  adderFunctions[i] = x => x + i;
}

const add12 = adderFunctions[12];

// Yay! The behavior is as expected. 
console.log(add12(8) === 20); // => true

// i's scope doesn't extend outside the for loop.
console.log(i); // => ReferenceError: i is not defined

每个函数现在保留在函数创建时的 i 的值,并且 adderFunctions 按照预期行事。

现在,图像将两种行为混合在一起,你可能会看到为什么不建议在同一脚本中混合更新的Let和 const。

const doubleAdderFunctions = [];

for (var i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
    const j = i;
    doubleAdderFunctions[i] = x => x + i + j;
}

const add18 = doubleAdderFunctions[9];
const add24 = doubleAdderFunctions[12];

// It's not fun debugging situations like this, especially when the
// code is more complex than in this example.
console.log(add18(24) === 42); // => false
console.log(add24(18) === 42); // => false
console.log(add18(24) === add24(18)); // => false
console.log(add18(24) === 2018); // => false
console.log(add24(18) === 2018); // => false
console.log(add18(24) === 1033); // => true
console.log(add24(18) === 1030); // => true

不要让这件事发生在你身上,使用灯具。