给定下面的2个toString()实现,哪个是首选的:
public String toString(){
return "{a:"+ a + ", b:" + b + ", c: " + c +"}";
}
or
public String toString(){
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(100);
return sb.append("{a:").append(a)
.append(", b:").append(b)
.append(", c:").append(c)
.append("}")
.toString();
}
?
更重要的是,鉴于我们只有3个属性,它可能不会有什么不同,但在什么时候你会从+ concat切换到StringBuilder?
我喜欢:
String.format( "{a: %s, b: %s, c: %s}", a, b, c );
...因为它简短易读。
我不会为速度而优化它,除非您在重复次数非常高的循环中使用它,并测量了性能差异。
我同意,如果必须输出大量参数,这个表单可能会令人困惑(就像其中一个评论所说的那样)。在这种情况下,我将切换到更可读的形式(可能使用apache-commons的ToStringBuilder -取自matt b的答案),并再次忽略性能。
我喜欢:
String.format( "{a: %s, b: %s, c: %s}", a, b, c );
...因为它简短易读。
我不会为速度而优化它,除非您在重复次数非常高的循环中使用它,并测量了性能差异。
我同意,如果必须输出大量参数,这个表单可能会令人困惑(就像其中一个评论所说的那样)。在这种情况下,我将切换到更可读的形式(可能使用apache-commons的ToStringBuilder -取自matt b的答案),并再次忽略性能。
我也和我的老板在使用append还是+的问题上发生了冲突。因为他们正在使用追加(我仍然不能弄清楚,因为他们说每次创建一个新对象)。
所以我想做些研究。虽然我喜欢Michael Borgwardt的解释,但只是想展示一个解释,如果将来有人真的需要知道的话。
/**
*
* @author Perilbrain
*/
public class Appc {
public Appc() {
String x = "no name";
x += "I have Added a name" + "We May need few more names" + Appc.this;
x.concat(x);
// x+=x.toString(); --It creates new StringBuilder object before concatenation so avoid if possible
//System.out.println(x);
}
public void Sb() {
StringBuilder sbb = new StringBuilder("no name");
sbb.append("I have Added a name");
sbb.append("We May need few more names");
sbb.append(Appc.this);
sbb.append(sbb.toString());
// System.out.println(sbb.toString());
}
}
而上述类的拆卸出来为
.method public <init>()V //public Appc()
.limit stack 2
.limit locals 2
met001_begin: ; DATA XREF: met001_slot000i
.line 12
aload_0 ; met001_slot000
invokespecial java/lang/Object.<init>()V
.line 13
ldc "no name"
astore_1 ; met001_slot001
.line 14
met001_7: ; DATA XREF: met001_slot001i
new java/lang/StringBuilder //1st object of SB
dup
invokespecial java/lang/StringBuilder.<init>()V
aload_1 ; met001_slot001
invokevirtual java/lang/StringBuilder.append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lan\
g/StringBuilder;
ldc "I have Added a nameWe May need few more names"
invokevirtual java/lang/StringBuilder.append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lan\
g/StringBuilder;
aload_0 ; met001_slot000
invokevirtual java/lang/StringBuilder.append(Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lan\
g/StringBuilder;
invokevirtual java/lang/StringBuilder.toString()Ljava/lang/String;
astore_1 ; met001_slot001
.line 15
aload_1 ; met001_slot001
aload_1 ; met001_slot001
invokevirtual java/lang/String.concat(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/Strin\
g;
pop
.line 18
return //no more SB created
met001_end: ; DATA XREF: met001_slot000i ...
; ===========================================================================
;met001_slot000 ; DATA XREF: <init>r ...
.var 0 is this LAppc; from met001_begin to met001_end
;met001_slot001 ; DATA XREF: <init>+6w ...
.var 1 is x Ljava/lang/String; from met001_7 to met001_end
.end method
;44-1=44
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Segment type: Pure code
.method public Sb()V //public void Sb
.limit stack 3
.limit locals 2
met002_begin: ; DATA XREF: met002_slot000i
.line 21
new java/lang/StringBuilder
dup
ldc "no name"
invokespecial java/lang/StringBuilder.<init>(Ljava/lang/String;)V
astore_1 ; met002_slot001
.line 22
met002_10: ; DATA XREF: met002_slot001i
aload_1 ; met002_slot001
ldc "I have Added a name"
invokevirtual java/lang/StringBuilder.append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lan\
g/StringBuilder;
pop
.line 23
aload_1 ; met002_slot001
ldc "We May need few more names"
invokevirtual java/lang/StringBuilder.append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lan\
g/StringBuilder;
pop
.line 24
aload_1 ; met002_slot001
aload_0 ; met002_slot000
invokevirtual java/lang/StringBuilder.append(Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lan\
g/StringBuilder;
pop
.line 25
aload_1 ; met002_slot001
aload_1 ; met002_slot001
invokevirtual java/lang/StringBuilder.toString()Ljava/lang/String;
invokevirtual java/lang/StringBuilder.append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lan\
g/StringBuilder;
pop
.line 28
return
met002_end: ; DATA XREF: met002_slot000i ...
;met002_slot000 ; DATA XREF: Sb+25r
.var 0 is this LAppc; from met002_begin to met002_end
;met002_slot001 ; DATA XREF: Sb+9w ...
.var 1 is sbb Ljava/lang/StringBuilder; from met002_10 to met002_end
.end method
;96-49=48
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
从上面的两个代码你可以看出Michael是对的。每种情况下只创建一个SB对象。