给定下面的2个toString()实现，哪个是首选的:
public String toString(){
return "{a:"+ a + ", b:" + b + ", c: " + c +"}";
}
or
public String toString(){
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(100);
return sb.append("{a:").append(a)
.append(", b:").append(b)
.append(", c:").append(c)
.append("}")
.toString();
}
?
更重要的是，鉴于我们只有3个属性，它可能不会有什么不同，但在什么时候你会从+ concat切换到StringBuilder?
当前回答
关键在于你是在一个地方写一个连接，还是在一段时间内把它积累起来。
对于您给出的示例，显式使用StringBuilder是没有意义的。(请查看第一个案例的编译代码。)
但是如果你正在构建一个字符串，例如在一个循环中，使用StringBuilder。
为了澄清，假设hugeArray包含数千个字符串，代码如下:
...
String result = "";
for (String s : hugeArray) {
result = result + s;
}
与以下相比非常浪费时间和内存:
...
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (String s : hugeArray) {
sb.append(s);
}
String result = sb.toString();
其他回答
从Java 1.5开始，使用"+"和StringBuilder.append()的简单一行连接生成完全相同的字节码。
因此，为了代码的可读性，请使用“+”。
2个例外:
多线程环境:StringBuffer 循环中的连接:StringBuilder/StringBuffer
我也和我的老板在使用append还是+的问题上发生了冲突。因为他们正在使用追加(我仍然不能弄清楚，因为他们说每次创建一个新对象)。 所以我想做些研究。虽然我喜欢Michael Borgwardt的解释，但只是想展示一个解释，如果将来有人真的需要知道的话。
/**
*
* @author Perilbrain
*/
public class Appc {
public Appc() {
String x = "no name";
x += "I have Added a name" + "We May need few more names" + Appc.this;
x.concat(x);
// x+=x.toString(); --It creates new StringBuilder object before concatenation so avoid if possible
//System.out.println(x);
}
public void Sb() {
StringBuilder sbb = new StringBuilder("no name");
sbb.append("I have Added a name");
sbb.append("We May need few more names");
sbb.append(Appc.this);
sbb.append(sbb.toString());
// System.out.println(sbb.toString());
}
}
而上述类的拆卸出来为
.method public <init>()V //public Appc()
.limit stack 2
.limit locals 2
met001_begin: ; DATA XREF: met001_slot000i
.line 12
aload_0 ; met001_slot000
invokespecial java/lang/Object.<init>()V
.line 13
ldc "no name"
astore_1 ; met001_slot001
.line 14
met001_7: ; DATA XREF: met001_slot001i
new java/lang/StringBuilder //1st object of SB
dup
invokespecial java/lang/StringBuilder.<init>()V
aload_1 ; met001_slot001
invokevirtual java/lang/StringBuilder.append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lan\
g/StringBuilder;
ldc "I have Added a nameWe May need few more names"
invokevirtual java/lang/StringBuilder.append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lan\
g/StringBuilder;
aload_0 ; met001_slot000
invokevirtual java/lang/StringBuilder.append(Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lan\
g/StringBuilder;
invokevirtual java/lang/StringBuilder.toString()Ljava/lang/String;
astore_1 ; met001_slot001
.line 15
aload_1 ; met001_slot001
aload_1 ; met001_slot001
invokevirtual java/lang/String.concat(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/Strin\
g;
pop
.line 18
return //no more SB created
met001_end: ; DATA XREF: met001_slot000i ...
; ===========================================================================
;met001_slot000 ; DATA XREF: <init>r ...
.var 0 is this LAppc; from met001_begin to met001_end
;met001_slot001 ; DATA XREF: <init>+6w ...
.var 1 is x Ljava/lang/String; from met001_7 to met001_end
.end method
;44-1=44
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Segment type: Pure code
.method public Sb()V //public void Sb
.limit stack 3
.limit locals 2
met002_begin: ; DATA XREF: met002_slot000i
.line 21
new java/lang/StringBuilder
dup
ldc "no name"
invokespecial java/lang/StringBuilder.<init>(Ljava/lang/String;)V
astore_1 ; met002_slot001
.line 22
met002_10: ; DATA XREF: met002_slot001i
aload_1 ; met002_slot001
ldc "I have Added a name"
invokevirtual java/lang/StringBuilder.append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lan\
g/StringBuilder;
pop
.line 23
aload_1 ; met002_slot001
ldc "We May need few more names"
invokevirtual java/lang/StringBuilder.append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lan\
g/StringBuilder;
pop
.line 24
aload_1 ; met002_slot001
aload_0 ; met002_slot000
invokevirtual java/lang/StringBuilder.append(Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lan\
g/StringBuilder;
pop
.line 25
aload_1 ; met002_slot001
aload_1 ; met002_slot001
invokevirtual java/lang/StringBuilder.toString()Ljava/lang/String;
invokevirtual java/lang/StringBuilder.append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lan\
g/StringBuilder;
pop
.line 28
return
met002_end: ; DATA XREF: met002_slot000i ...
;met002_slot000 ; DATA XREF: Sb+25r
.var 0 is this LAppc; from met002_begin to met002_end
;met002_slot001 ; DATA XREF: Sb+9w ...
.var 1 is sbb Ljava/lang/StringBuilder; from met002_10 to met002_end
.end method
;96-49=48
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
从上面的两个代码你可以看出Michael是对的。每种情况下只创建一个SB对象。
我认为这张图对于比较所有使用string的类非常有用:
这是我在Java8中检查的
Using String concatenation Using StringBuilder long time1 = System.currentTimeMillis(); usingStringConcatenation(100000); System.out.println("usingStringConcatenation " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - time1) + " ms"); time1 = System.currentTimeMillis(); usingStringBuilder(100000); System.out.println("usingStringBuilder " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - time1) + " ms"); private static void usingStringBuilder(int n) { StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder(); for(int i=0;i<n;i++) str.append("myBigString"); } private static void usingStringConcatenation(int n) { String str = ""; for(int i=0;i<n;i++) str+="myBigString"; }
如果对大量的字符串使用字符串连接，这真的是一场噩梦。
usingStringConcatenation 29321 ms
usingStringBuilder 2 ms
值得一提的是，正如@ZhekaKozlov指出的那样，
自Java 9以来，+更快，除非JVM不知道如何优化它(例如，循环中的连接)。
我检查了以下代码的字节码(在Java 17中):
public class StringBM {
public String toStringPlus(String a) {
return "{a:" + a + ", b:" + ", c: " + "}";
}
public String toStringBuilder(String a) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(100);
return sb.append("{a:").append(a)
.append(", b:")
.append(", c:")
.append("}")
.toString();
}
}
For toStringPlus:
0: aload_1
1: invokedynamic #7, 0 // InvokeDynamic #0:makeConcatWithConstants:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;
6: areturn
for toStringBuilder:
0: new #11 // class java/lang/StringBuilder
3: dup
4: bipush 100
6: invokespecial #13 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":(I)V
9: astore_2
10: aload_2
11: ldc #16 // String {a:
13: invokevirtual #18 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
16: aload_1
17: invokevirtual #18 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
20: ldc #22 // String , b:
22: invokevirtual #18 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
25: ldc #24 // String , c:
27: invokevirtual #18 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
30: ldc #26 // String }
32: invokevirtual #18 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
35: invokevirtual #28 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
38: areturn
+版本简单地调用动态函数makeConcatWithConstants和并传入方法参数{a:\u0001, b:， c:} (\u0001是参数占位符)。 而StringBuilder版本必须以“诚实”的方式来实现。 我想我们可以看到为什么+现在更快了。
