我不确定我是否同意用模块模式来代替单例模式。我经常看到单例对象在完全没有必要的地方被使用和滥用，我确信模块模式填补了程序员使用单例对象的许多空白。然而，模块模式不是单例的。

模块模式:

var foo = (function () {
    "use strict";
    function aPrivateFunction() {}
    return { aPublicFunction: function () {...}, ... };
}());

在模块模式中初始化的所有内容都在声明Foo时发生。此外，模块模式可用于初始化构造函数，然后可以多次实例化构造函数。虽然模块模式是许多工作的正确工具，但它并不等同于单例模式。

单例模式:

简式

var Foo = function () {
    "use strict";
    if (Foo._instance) {
        // This allows the constructor to be called multiple times
        // and refer to the same instance. Another option is to
        // throw an error.
        return Foo._instance;
    }
    Foo._instance = this;
    // Foo initialization code
};
Foo.getInstance = function () {
    "use strict";
    return Foo._instance || new Foo();
}

长格式，使用模块模式

var Foo = (function () {
    "use strict";
    var instance; //prevent modification of "instance" variable
    function Singleton() {
        if (instance) {
            return instance;
        }
        instance = this;
        //Singleton initialization code
    }
    // Instance accessor
    Singleton.getInstance = function () {
        return instance || new Singleton();
    }
    return Singleton;
}());

在我提供的两个版本的单例模式中，构造函数本身都可以用作访问器:

var a,
    b;
a = new Foo(); // Constructor initialization happens here
b = new Foo();
console.log(a === b); //true

如果你不习惯这样使用构造函数，你可以在If (instance)语句中抛出一个错误，并坚持使用长形式:

var a,
    b;
a = Foo.getInstance(); // Constructor initialization happens here
b = Foo.getInstance();
console.log(a === b); // true

我还应该提到，单例模式很适合隐式构造函数模式:

function Foo() {
    if (Foo._instance) {
        return Foo._instance;
    }
    // If the function wasn't called as a constructor,
    // call it as a constructor and return the result
    if (!(this instanceof Foo)) {
        return new Foo();
    }
    Foo._instance = this;
}
var f = new Foo(); // Calls Foo as a constructor
-or-
var f = Foo(); // Also calls Foo as a constructor

单例模式:

确保一个类只有一个实例，并提供对它的全局访问点。

单例模式将特定对象的实例数量限制为一个。这个单一实例称为单例。

定义返回唯一实例的getInstance()。 负责创建和管理实例对象。

单例对象被实现为一个即时匿名函数。函数立即执行，将它括在括号中，然后再加上两个括号。它被称为匿名，因为它没有名字。

示例程序

var Singleton = (function () { var instance; function createInstance() { var object = new Object("I am the instance"); return object; } return { getInstance: function () { if (!instance) { instance = createInstance(); } return instance; } }; })(); function run() { var instance1 = Singleton.getInstance(); var instance2 = Singleton.getInstance(); alert("Same instance? " + (instance1 === instance2)); } run()

你可以这样做:

var singleton = new (function() {
  var bar = 123

  this.foo = function() {
    // Whatever
  }
})()

下面是一个简单的例子来解释JavaScript中的单例模式。

var Singleton = (function() {
    var instance;
    var init = function() {
        return {
            display:function() {
                alert("This is a singleton pattern demo");
            }
        };
    };
    return {
        getInstance:function(){
            if(!instance){
                alert("Singleton check");
                instance = init();
            }
            return instance;
        }
    };
})();

// In this call first display alert("Singleton check")
// and then alert("This is a singleton pattern demo");
// It means one object is created

var inst = Singleton.getInstance();
inst.display();

// In this call only display alert("This is a singleton pattern demo")
// it means second time new object is not created,
// it uses the already created object

var inst1 = Singleton.getInstance();
inst1.display();

最明确的答案应该是Addy Osmani所著的《学习JavaScript设计模式》一书。

var mySingleton = (function () { // Instance stores a reference to the singleton var instance; function init() { // Singleton // Private methods and variables function privateMethod(){ console.log( "I am private" ); } var privateVariable = "I'm also private"; var privateRandomNumber = Math.random(); return { // Public methods and variables publicMethod: function () { console.log( "The public can see me!" ); }, publicProperty: "I am also public", getRandomNumber: function() { return privateRandomNumber; } }; }; return { // Get the singleton instance if one exists // or create one if it doesn't getInstance: function () { if ( !instance ) { instance = init(); } return instance; } }; })();

我不确定我是否同意用模块模式来代替单例模式。我经常看到单例对象在完全没有必要的地方被使用和滥用，我确信模块模式填补了程序员使用单例对象的许多空白。然而，模块模式不是单例的。

模块模式:

var foo = (function () {
    "use strict";
    function aPrivateFunction() {}
    return { aPublicFunction: function () {...}, ... };
}());

在模块模式中初始化的所有内容都在声明Foo时发生。此外，模块模式可用于初始化构造函数，然后可以多次实例化构造函数。虽然模块模式是许多工作的正确工具，但它并不等同于单例模式。

单例模式:

简式

var Foo = function () {
    "use strict";
    if (Foo._instance) {
        // This allows the constructor to be called multiple times
        // and refer to the same instance. Another option is to
        // throw an error.
        return Foo._instance;
    }
    Foo._instance = this;
    // Foo initialization code
};
Foo.getInstance = function () {
    "use strict";
    return Foo._instance || new Foo();
}

长格式，使用模块模式

var Foo = (function () {
    "use strict";
    var instance; //prevent modification of "instance" variable
    function Singleton() {
        if (instance) {
            return instance;
        }
        instance = this;
        //Singleton initialization code
    }
    // Instance accessor
    Singleton.getInstance = function () {
        return instance || new Singleton();
    }
    return Singleton;
}());

在我提供的两个版本的单例模式中，构造函数本身都可以用作访问器:

var a,
    b;
a = new Foo(); // Constructor initialization happens here
b = new Foo();
console.log(a === b); //true

如果你不习惯这样使用构造函数，你可以在If (instance)语句中抛出一个错误，并坚持使用长形式:

var a,
    b;
a = Foo.getInstance(); // Constructor initialization happens here
b = Foo.getInstance();
console.log(a === b); // true

我还应该提到，单例模式很适合隐式构造函数模式:

function Foo() {
    if (Foo._instance) {
        return Foo._instance;
    }
    // If the function wasn't called as a constructor,
    // call it as a constructor and return the result
    if (!(this instanceof Foo)) {
        return new Foo();
    }
    Foo._instance = this;
}
var f = new Foo(); // Calls Foo as a constructor
-or-
var f = Foo(); // Also calls Foo as a constructor