下面是一个简单的例子来解释JavaScript中的单例模式。

var Singleton = (function() {
    var instance;
    var init = function() {
        return {
            display:function() {
                alert("This is a singleton pattern demo");
            }
        };
    };
    return {
        getInstance:function(){
            if(!instance){
                alert("Singleton check");
                instance = init();
            }
            return instance;
        }
    };
})();

// In this call first display alert("Singleton check")
// and then alert("This is a singleton pattern demo");
// It means one object is created

var inst = Singleton.getInstance();
inst.display();

// In this call only display alert("This is a singleton pattern demo")
// it means second time new object is not created,
// it uses the already created object

var inst1 = Singleton.getInstance();
inst1.display();

最明确的答案应该是Addy Osmani所著的《学习JavaScript设计模式》一书。

var mySingleton = (function () { // Instance stores a reference to the singleton var instance; function init() { // Singleton // Private methods and variables function privateMethod(){ console.log( "I am private" ); } var privateVariable = "I'm also private"; var privateRandomNumber = Math.random(); return { // Public methods and variables publicMethod: function () { console.log( "The public can see me!" ); }, publicProperty: "I am also public", getRandomNumber: function() { return privateRandomNumber; } }; }; return { // Get the singleton instance if one exists // or create one if it doesn't getInstance: function () { if ( !instance ) { instance = init(); } return instance; } }; })();

这应该可以工作:

function Klass() {
   var instance = this;
   Klass = function () { return instance; }
}

使用ES6类和私有静态字段。调用Singleton类的新实例将返回相同的实例。实例变量也是私有的，不能在类外部访问。

class Singleton {
  // # is a new Javascript feature that denotes private
  static #instance;

  constructor() {
    if (!Singleton.#instance) {
      Singleton.#instance = this
    } 
    return Singleton.#instance
  }

  get() {
    return Singleton.#instance;
  }
}

const a = new Singleton();
const b = new Singleton();
console.log(a.get() === b.get()) // true
console.log(Singleton.instance === undefined) // true

class Singelton {
    static #instance;

    #testValue;

    constructor() {
        if (Singelton.#instance instanceof Singelton) {
            return Singelton.#instance;
        }

        Singelton.#instance = this;
        return Singelton.#instance;
    }

    get testValue() {
        return this.#testValue;
    }

    set testValue(value) {
        this.#testValue = value;
    }
}

测试:

let x = new Singelton();
x.testValue = 123;

let y = new Singelton();

console.log({isSingelton: x === y, testValueFromY: y.testValue});

这就是我如何使用ES6特性实现单例模式。是的，我知道这看起来不像面向对象的方法，但我发现这个方法很容易实现，而且是一种干净的实现方式。

const Singleton = (() => {
  var _instance = !_instance && new Object('Object created....');
  return () => _instance;
})();

//************************************************************************

var instance1 = Singleton();
var instance2 = Singleton();
console.log(instance1 === instance2); // true