可以通过简单地执行以下操作来改进after_initialize回调模式

after_initialize :some_method_goes_here, :if => :new_record?

如果您的init代码需要处理关联，那么这就有一个非常重要的好处，因为如果您读取初始记录而不包括关联记录，那么下面的代码将触发一个微妙的n+1。

class Account

  has_one :config
  after_initialize :init_config

  def init_config
    self.config ||= build_config
  end

end

https://github.com/keithrowell/rails_default_value

class Task < ActiveRecord::Base
  default :status => 'active'
end

after_initialize解决方案的问题是，无论是否访问该属性，都必须向从DB中查找的每个对象添加after_initialize。我建议采用惰性加载方法。

属性方法(getter)当然是方法本身，因此您可以覆盖它们并提供默认值。喜欢的东西:

Class Foo < ActiveRecord::Base
  # has a DB column/field atttribute called 'status'
  def status
    (val = read_attribute(:status)).nil? ? 'ACTIVE' : val
  end
end

除非，就像有人指出的那样，你需要执行Foo.find_by_status('ACTIVE')。在这种情况下，我认为您确实需要在数据库约束中设置默认值，如果数据库支持它的话。

类似的问题，但背景略有不同: -如何为Rails activerecord的模型中的属性创建默认值?

最佳回答:这取决于你想要什么!

如果你想让每个对象都以一个值开始:使用after_initialize:init

您希望new.html表单在打开页面时具有默认值?使用https://stackoverflow.com/a/5127684/1536309

class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_one :address
  after_initialize :init

  def init
    self.number  ||= 0.0           #will set the default value only if it's nil
    self.address ||= build_address #let's you set a default association
  end
  ...
end 

如果你想让每个对象都有一个从用户输入中计算出来的值:使用before_save:default_values 你想让用户输入X然后Y = X+'foo'?使用:

class Task < ActiveRecord::Base
  before_save :default_values
  def default_values
    self.status ||= 'P'
  end
end

每个可用的方法都有几个问题，但我认为定义一个after_initialize回调是正确的方法，原因如下:

default_scope will initialize values for new models, but then that will become the scope on which you find the model. If you just want to initialize some numbers to 0 then this is not what you want. Defining defaults in your migration also works part of the time... As has already been mentioned this will not work when you just call Model.new. Overriding initialize can work, but don't forget to call super! Using a plugin like phusion's is getting a bit ridiculous. This is ruby, do we really need a plugin just to initialize some default values? Overriding after_initialize is deprecated as of Rails 3. When I override after_initialize in rails 3.0.3 I get the following warning in the console:

弃用警告:Base#after_initialize已弃用，请使用Base。After_initialize:方法代替。(调用from /Users/me/myapp/app/models/my_model:15)

因此，我要说的是写一个after_initialize回调函数，它允许你在关联上设置默认属性，就像这样:

  class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
    has_one :address
    after_initialize :init

    def init
      self.number  ||= 0.0           #will set the default value only if it's nil
      self.address ||= build_address #let's you set a default association
    end
  end    

现在您只有一个地方可以寻找模型的初始化。我一直在用这个方法，直到有人提出更好的方法。

警告:

For boolean fields do: self.bool_field = true if self.bool_field.nil? See Paul Russell's comment on this answer for more details If you're only selecting a subset of columns for a model (ie; using select in a query like Person.select(:firstname, :lastname).all) you will get a MissingAttributeError if your init method accesses a column that hasn't been included in the select clause. You can guard against this case like so: self.number ||= 0.0 if self.has_attribute? :number and for a boolean column... self.bool_field = true if (self.has_attribute? :bool_value) && self.bool_field.nil? Also note that the syntax is different prior to Rails 3.2 (see Cliff Darling's comment below)

一个比建议的答案更好/更干净的潜在方法是覆盖访问器，像这样:

def status
  self['status'] || ACTIVE
end

请参阅ActiveRecord::Base文档中的“覆盖默认访问器”和StackOverflow中关于使用self的更多信息。