伙计们，我最后做了以下事情:

def after_initialize 
 self.extras||={}
 self.other_stuff||="This stuff"
end

效果好极了!

Phusion有一些很好的插件。

尽管在大多数情况下这样设置默认值会令人困惑和尴尬，但您也可以使用:default_scope。点击这里查看squil的评论。

这里有一个我用过的解决方案，我有点惊讶还没有加入。

它分为两部分。第一部分是在实际迁移中设置默认值，第二部分是在模型中添加验证，以确保存在为真。

add_column :teams, :new_team_signature, :string, default: 'Welcome to the Team'

您将看到这里已经设置了默认值。现在在验证中，你想要确保字符串总是有一个值，那么就这样做吧

 validates :new_team_signature, presence: true

这将为您设置默认值。(对我来说，我有“Welcome to the Team”)，然后它将进一步确保该对象始终存在一个值。

希望有帮助!

每个可用的方法都有几个问题，但我认为定义一个after_initialize回调是正确的方法，原因如下:

default_scope will initialize values for new models, but then that will become the scope on which you find the model. If you just want to initialize some numbers to 0 then this is not what you want. Defining defaults in your migration also works part of the time... As has already been mentioned this will not work when you just call Model.new. Overriding initialize can work, but don't forget to call super! Using a plugin like phusion's is getting a bit ridiculous. This is ruby, do we really need a plugin just to initialize some default values? Overriding after_initialize is deprecated as of Rails 3. When I override after_initialize in rails 3.0.3 I get the following warning in the console:

弃用警告:Base#after_initialize已弃用，请使用Base。After_initialize:方法代替。(调用from /Users/me/myapp/app/models/my_model:15)

因此，我要说的是写一个after_initialize回调函数，它允许你在关联上设置默认属性，就像这样:

  class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
    has_one :address
    after_initialize :init

    def init
      self.number  ||= 0.0           #will set the default value only if it's nil
      self.address ||= build_address #let's you set a default association
    end
  end    

现在您只有一个地方可以寻找模型的初始化。我一直在用这个方法，直到有人提出更好的方法。

警告:

For boolean fields do: self.bool_field = true if self.bool_field.nil? See Paul Russell's comment on this answer for more details If you're only selecting a subset of columns for a model (ie; using select in a query like Person.select(:firstname, :lastname).all) you will get a MissingAttributeError if your init method accesses a column that hasn't been included in the select clause. You can guard against this case like so: self.number ||= 0.0 if self.has_attribute? :number and for a boolean column... self.bool_field = true if (self.has_attribute? :bool_value) && self.bool_field.nil? Also note that the syntax is different prior to Rails 3.2 (see Cliff Darling's comment below)

After_initialize方法已弃用，请改用回调方法。

after_initialize :defaults

def defaults
  self.extras||={}
  self.other_stuff||="This stuff"
end

然而，在迁移中使用:default仍然是最干净的方式。