Python编程语言中有哪些鲜为人知但很有用的特性?
尽量将答案限制在Python核心。 每个回答一个特征。 给出一个例子和功能的简短描述，而不仅仅是文档链接。 使用标题作为第一行标记该特性。
快速链接到答案:
参数解包 牙套 链接比较运算符 修饰符 可变默认参数的陷阱/危险 描述符 字典默认的.get值 所以测试 省略切片语法 枚举 其他/ 函数作为iter()参数 生成器表达式 导入该 就地值交换 步进列表 __missing__物品 多行正则表达式 命名字符串格式化 嵌套的列表/生成器推导 运行时的新类型 .pth文件 ROT13编码 正则表达式调试 发送到发电机 交互式解释器中的制表符补全 三元表达式 试着/ / else除外 拆包+打印()函数 与声明
当前回答
for line in open('foo'):
print(line)
这相当于(但更好):
f = open('foo', 'r')
for line in f.readlines():
print(line)
f.close()
其他回答
很多人不知道dir函数。这是一种很好的方法，可以从解释器中找出对象可以做什么。例如，如果你想查看所有字符串方法的列表:
>>> dir("foo")
['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', (snipped a bunch), 'title',
'translate', 'upper', 'zfill']
然后，如果你想要关于某个方法的更多信息，你可以在它上面调用“help”。
>>> help("foo".upper)
Help on built-in function upper:
upper(...)
S.upper() -> string
Return a copy of the string S converted to uppercase.
Python可以理解任何类型的unicode数字，而不仅仅是ASCII类型:
>>> s = u'１０５８５'
>>> s
u'\uff11\uff10\uff15\uff18\uff15'
>>> print s
１０５８５
>>> int(s)
10585
>>> float(s)
10585.0
Inspect模块也是一个很酷的功能。
Python的禅宗
>>> import this
The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters
Beautiful is better than ugly.
Explicit is better than implicit.
Simple is better than complex.
Complex is better than complicated.
Flat is better than nested.
Sparse is better than dense.
Readability counts.
Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules.
Although practicality beats purity.
Errors should never pass silently.
Unless explicitly silenced.
In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.
There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it.
Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch.
Now is better than never.
Although never is often better than *right* now.
If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea.
If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.
Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
Metaclasses
Python中的元类是什么?
