Python编程语言中有哪些鲜为人知但很有用的特性?
尽量将答案限制在Python核心。 每个回答一个特征。 给出一个例子和功能的简短描述，而不仅仅是文档链接。 使用标题作为第一行标记该特性。
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参数解包 牙套 链接比较运算符 修饰符 可变默认参数的陷阱/危险 描述符 字典默认的.get值 所以测试 省略切片语法 枚举 其他/ 函数作为iter()参数 生成器表达式 导入该 就地值交换 步进列表 __missing__物品 多行正则表达式 命名字符串格式化 嵌套的列表/生成器推导 运行时的新类型 .pth文件 ROT13编码 正则表达式调试 发送到发电机 交互式解释器中的制表符补全 三元表达式 试着/ / else除外 拆包+打印()函数 与声明
当前回答
进口反重力
其他回答
对迭代器的多个引用
你可以使用列表乘法创建对同一个迭代器的多个引用:
>>> i = (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10) # or any iterable object
>>> iterators = [iter(i)] * 2
>>> iterators[0].next()
1
>>> iterators[1].next()
2
>>> iterators[0].next()
3
这可以用来将一个可迭代对象分组成块，例如，就像这个来自itertools文档的例子
def grouper(n, iterable, fillvalue=None):
"grouper(3, 'ABCDEFG', 'x') --> ABC DEF Gxx"
args = [iter(iterable)] * n
return izip_longest(fillvalue=fillvalue, *args)
“解包”到函数参数
def foo(a, b, c):
print a, b, c
bar = (3, 14, 15)
foo(*bar)
执行打印时:
3 14 15
元组在for循环、列表推导式和生成器表达式中的解包:
>>> l=[(1,2),(3,4)]
>>> [a+b for a,b in l ]
[3,7]
在这个习语中，用于迭代字典中的(键，数据)对:
d = { 'x':'y', 'f':'e'}
for name, value in d.items(): # one can also use iteritems()
print "name:%s, value:%s" % (name,value)
打印:
name:x, value:y
name:f, value:e
Python的禅宗
>>> import this
The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters
Beautiful is better than ugly.
Explicit is better than implicit.
Simple is better than complex.
Complex is better than complicated.
Flat is better than nested.
Sparse is better than dense.
Readability counts.
Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules.
Although practicality beats purity.
Errors should never pass silently.
Unless explicitly silenced.
In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.
There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it.
Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch.
Now is better than never.
Although never is often better than *right* now.
If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea.
If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.
Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
字典中无限递归的很好处理:
>>> a = {}
>>> b = {}
>>> a['b'] = b
>>> b['a'] = a
>>> print a
{'b': {'a': {...}}}
