//JUST little bit modified the answer of giuseppe  which returns array of table columns
+(NSMutableArray*)tableInfo:(NSString *)table{

    sqlite3_stmt *sqlStatement;

    NSMutableArray *result = [NSMutableArray array];

    const char *sql = [[NSString stringWithFormat:@"PRAGMA table_info('%@')",table] UTF8String];

    if(sqlite3_prepare(md.database, sql, -1, &sqlStatement, NULL) != SQLITE_OK)

    {
        NSLog(@"Problem with prepare statement tableInfo %@",
                [NSString stringWithUTF8String:(const char *)sqlite3_errmsg(md.database)]);

    }

    while (sqlite3_step(sqlStatement)==SQLITE_ROW)
    {
        [result addObject:
          [NSString stringWithUTF8String:(char*)sqlite3_column_text(sqlStatement, 1)]];
    }

    return result;
}

获得这里没有提到的列名列表的另一种方法是，从PRAGMA_TABLE_INFO()表值函数中进行选择，这种方法是跨平台的，不依赖于sqlite3.exe shell。

SELECT name FROM PRAGMA_TABLE_INFO('your_table');
name      
tbl_name  
rootpage  
sql

您可以通过查询来检查某个列是否存在:

SELECT 1 FROM PRAGMA_TABLE_INFO('your_table') WHERE name='column1';
1

如果你不想解析select sql from sqlite_master或pragma table_info的结果，你可以使用它。

注意此特性是实验性的，在SQLite 3.16.0(2017-01-02)版本中添加。

参考:

https://www.sqlite.org/pragma.html#pragfunc

PRAGMA table_info(table_name);

会给你一个列有所有列名的列表。

这是一个老问题，但这里有一个替代答案，检索SQLite数据库中的所有列，并为每列提供关联表的名称:

WITH tables AS (SELECT name tableName, sql 
FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = 'table' AND tableName NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%')
SELECT fields.name, fields.type, tableName
FROM tables CROSS JOIN pragma_table_info(tables.tableName) fields

返回这样的结果:

{
    "name": "id",
    "type": "integer",
    "tableName": "examples"
}, {
    "name": "content",
    "type": "text",
    "tableName": "examples"
}

对于包含标识符和字符串内容的简单表。

     //Called when application is started. It works on Droidscript, it is tested
     function OnStart()
     {
     //Create a layout with objects vertically centered. 
     lay = app.CreateLayout( "linear", "VCenter,FillXY" );  

     //Create a text label and add it to layout.
     txt = app.CreateText( "", 0.9, 0.4, "multiline" )  
     lay.AddChild( txt );
     app.AddLayout(lay);

     db = app.OpenDatabase( "MyData" )  
  
     //Create a table (if it does not exist already).  
     db.ExecuteSql( "drop table if exists test_table" )
     db.ExecuteSql( "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test_table " +  
       "(id integer primary key, data text, num integer)",[],null, OnError )  
        db.ExecuteSql( "insert into test_table values (1,'data10',100), 
        (2,'data20',200),(3,'data30',300)")
        //Get all the table rows.      
        DisplayAllRows("SELECT * FROM test_table");
        DisplayAllRows("select *, id+100 as idplus, 'hahaha' as blabla from 
        test_table order by id desc;") 
     }

//function to display all records 
function DisplayAllRows(sqlstring)  // <-- can you use for any table not need to 
                                //  know column names, just use a *
                                // example: 
{ 
//Use all rows what is in ExecuteSql  (try any, it will works fine)
db.ExecuteSql( sqlstring, [], OnResult, OnError ) 
} 
//Callback to show query results in debug.  
function OnResult( res )   
{  
var len = res.rows.length; 
var s = txt.GetText();  
// ***********************************************************************
// This is the answer how to read column names from table:
for(var ColumnNames in res.rows.item(0)) s += " [ "+ ColumnNames +" ] "; // "[" & "]" optional, i use only in this demo 
// ***********************************************************************
//app.Alert("Here is all Column names what Select from your table:\n"+s);
s+="\n";
for(var i = 0; i < len; i++ )   
{  
    var rows = res.rows.item(i) 
    for (var item in rows) 
        {
            s += "    " + rows[item] + "   ";
        }
    s+="\n\n";
} 
//app.Alert(s);
txt.SetText( s )  
}  
//Callback to show errors.  
function OnError( msg )   
{  
   app.Alert( "Error: " + msg )  
}  

如果你想要查询的输出包含列名并正确对齐为列，可以在sqlite3中使用这些命令:

.headers on
.mode column

你会得到如下输出:

sqlite> .headers on
sqlite> .mode column
sqlite> select * from mytable;
id          foo         bar
----------  ----------  ----------
1           val1        val2
2           val3        val4