In plain english, the Tier refers to "each in a series of rows or levels of a structure placed one above the other" whereas the Layer refers to "a sheet, quantity, or thickness of material, typically one of several, covering a surface or body". Tier is a physical unit, where the code / process runs. E.g.: client, application server, database server; Layer is a logical unit, how to organize the code. E.g.: presentation (view), controller, models, repository, data access. Tiers represent the physical separation of the presentation, business, services, and data functionality of your design across separate computers and systems. Layers are the logical groupings of the software components that make up the application or service. They help to differentiate between the different kinds of tasks performed by the components, making it easier to create a design that supports reusability of components. Each logical layer contains a number of discrete component types grouped into sublayers, with each sublayer performing a specific type of task.

两层模式表示客户机和服务器。

在此场景中，客户机和服务器可能存在于同一台机器上，也可能位于两台不同的机器上。下图演示了一个常见的Web应用程序场景，其中客户机与位于客户机层的Web服务器交互。该层包含表示层逻辑和任何所需的业务层逻辑。Web应用程序与承载数据库层的独立机器通信，数据库层包含数据层逻辑。

分层的优点:

Layering helps you to maximize maintainability of the code, optimize the way that the application works when deployed in different ways, and provide a clear delineation between locations where certain technology or design decisions must be made. Placing your layers on separate physical tiers can help performance by distributing the load across multiple servers. It can also help with security by segregating more sensitive components and layers onto different networks or on the Internet versus an intranet.

1层应用程序可以是3层应用程序。

我发现一个定义说，层是逻辑分离，层是物理分离。

In plain english, the Tier refers to "each in a series of rows or levels of a structure placed one above the other" whereas the Layer refers to "a sheet, quantity, or thickness of material, typically one of several, covering a surface or body". Tier is a physical unit, where the code / process runs. E.g.: client, application server, database server; Layer is a logical unit, how to organize the code. E.g.: presentation (view), controller, models, repository, data access. Tiers represent the physical separation of the presentation, business, services, and data functionality of your design across separate computers and systems. Layers are the logical groupings of the software components that make up the application or service. They help to differentiate between the different kinds of tasks performed by the components, making it easier to create a design that supports reusability of components. Each logical layer contains a number of discrete component types grouped into sublayers, with each sublayer performing a specific type of task.

两层模式表示客户机和服务器。

在此场景中，客户机和服务器可能存在于同一台机器上，也可能位于两台不同的机器上。下图演示了一个常见的Web应用程序场景，其中客户机与位于客户机层的Web服务器交互。该层包含表示层逻辑和任何所需的业务层逻辑。Web应用程序与承载数据库层的独立机器通信，数据库层包含数据层逻辑。

分层的优点:

Layering helps you to maximize maintainability of the code, optimize the way that the application works when deployed in different ways, and provide a clear delineation between locations where certain technology or design decisions must be made. Placing your layers on separate physical tiers can help performance by distributing the load across multiple servers. It can also help with security by segregating more sensitive components and layers onto different networks or on the Internet versus an intranet.

1层应用程序可以是3层应用程序。

为什么总想用复杂的词?

一层=你的代码的一部分，如果你的应用程序是一个蛋糕，这是一片。

一层=一台物理机器，一台服务器。

一个层承载一个或多个层。

层的例子:

表示层=通常是所有与用户界面相关的代码 数据访问层=与数据库访问相关的所有代码

层:

你的代码托管在服务器上=你的代码托管在一个层上。

你的代码托管在2个服务器上=你的代码托管在2层上。

例如，一台机器承载Web站点本身(表示层)，另一台机器更安全地承载所有更安全的代码(真正的业务代码-业务层、数据库访问层等)。

实现分层架构有很多好处。这很棘手，正确实现分层应用程序需要时间。如果你有一些，看看微软的这篇文章:http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-gb/library/ee658109.aspx

从技术上讲，Tier可以是代码运行所需的一种最小环境。

例如，假设一个3层应用程序可以运行

3 physical machines with no OS . 1 physical machine with 3 virtual machines with no OS. (That was a 3-(hardware)tier app) 1 physical machine with 3 virtual machines with 3 different/same OSes (That was a 3-(OS)tier app) 1 physical machine with 1 virtual machine with 1 OS but 3 AppServers (That was a 3-(AppServer)tier app) 1 physical machine with 1 virtual machine with 1 OS with 1 AppServer but 3 DBMS (That was a 3-(DBMS)tier app) 1 physical machine with 1 virtual machine with 1 OS with 1 AppServers and 1 DBMS but 3 Excel workbooks. (That was a 3-(AppServer)tier app)

Excel工作簿是运行VBA代码所需的最低环境。

这3个工作簿可以放在一台物理计算机上，也可以放在多个物理计算机上。

我注意到，在实践中，人们在应用描述上下文中说“层”时，指的是“操作系统层”。

也就是说，如果一个应用运行在3个不同的操作系统上，那么它就是一个3层应用。

所以从学究角度来说，描述应用程序的正确方法是

“1至3层能力，运行在2层”应用程序。

:)

层只是应用程序中职责功能分离的代码类型(例如，表示，数据，安全等)。

当你谈论表示、服务、数据、网络层时，你是在谈论层。 当你“分别部署它们”时，你谈论的是层。

Tiers是关于部署的。 这样说吧:我们有一个应用程序，它有一个用Angular创建的前端，它有一个像MongoDB一样的后端，还有一个在前端和后端之间交互的中间层。因此，当前端应用程序、数据库应用程序和中间层都单独部署时，我们称其为3层应用程序。

好处:如果我们将来需要扩展后端，我们只需要独立地扩展后端，而不需要扩展前端。