In plain english, the Tier refers to "each in a series of rows or levels of a structure placed one above the other" whereas the Layer refers to "a sheet, quantity, or thickness of material, typically one of several, covering a surface or body". Tier is a physical unit, where the code / process runs. E.g.: client, application server, database server; Layer is a logical unit, how to organize the code. E.g.: presentation (view), controller, models, repository, data access. Tiers represent the physical separation of the presentation, business, services, and data functionality of your design across separate computers and systems. Layers are the logical groupings of the software components that make up the application or service. They help to differentiate between the different kinds of tasks performed by the components, making it easier to create a design that supports reusability of components. Each logical layer contains a number of discrete component types grouped into sublayers, with each sublayer performing a specific type of task.

两层模式表示客户机和服务器。

在此场景中，客户机和服务器可能存在于同一台机器上，也可能位于两台不同的机器上。下图演示了一个常见的Web应用程序场景，其中客户机与位于客户机层的Web服务器交互。该层包含表示层逻辑和任何所需的业务层逻辑。Web应用程序与承载数据库层的独立机器通信，数据库层包含数据层逻辑。

分层的优点:

Layering helps you to maximize maintainability of the code, optimize the way that the application works when deployed in different ways, and provide a clear delineation between locations where certain technology or design decisions must be made. Placing your layers on separate physical tiers can help performance by distributing the load across multiple servers. It can also help with security by segregating more sensitive components and layers onto different networks or on the Internet versus an intranet.

1层应用程序可以是3层应用程序。

In plain english, the Tier refers to "each in a series of rows or levels of a structure placed one above the other" whereas the Layer refers to "a sheet, quantity, or thickness of material, typically one of several, covering a surface or body". Tier is a physical unit, where the code / process runs. E.g.: client, application server, database server; Layer is a logical unit, how to organize the code. E.g.: presentation (view), controller, models, repository, data access. Tiers represent the physical separation of the presentation, business, services, and data functionality of your design across separate computers and systems. Layers are the logical groupings of the software components that make up the application or service. They help to differentiate between the different kinds of tasks performed by the components, making it easier to create a design that supports reusability of components. Each logical layer contains a number of discrete component types grouped into sublayers, with each sublayer performing a specific type of task.

两层模式表示客户机和服务器。

在此场景中，客户机和服务器可能存在于同一台机器上，也可能位于两台不同的机器上。下图演示了一个常见的Web应用程序场景，其中客户机与位于客户机层的Web服务器交互。该层包含表示层逻辑和任何所需的业务层逻辑。Web应用程序与承载数据库层的独立机器通信，数据库层包含数据层逻辑。

分层的优点:

Layering helps you to maximize maintainability of the code, optimize the way that the application works when deployed in different ways, and provide a clear delineation between locations where certain technology or design decisions must be made. Placing your layers on separate physical tiers can help performance by distributing the load across multiple servers. It can also help with security by segregating more sensitive components and layers onto different networks or on the Internet versus an intranet.

1层应用程序可以是3层应用程序。

Logical layers are merely a way of organizing your code. Typical layers include Presentation, Business and Data – the same as the traditional 3-tier model. But when we’re talking about layers, we’re only talking about logical organization of code. In no way is it implied that these layers might run on different computers or in different processes on a single computer or even in a single process on a single computer. All we are doing is discussing a way of organizing a code into a set of layers defined by specific function. Physical tiers however, are only about where the code runs. Specifically, tiers are places where layers are deployed and where layers run. In other words, tiers are the physical deployment of layers.

来源:Rockford Lhotka，所有应用程序都应该是n层吗?

当你谈论表示、服务、数据、网络层时，你是在谈论层。 当你“分别部署它们”时，你谈论的是层。

Tiers是关于部署的。 这样说吧:我们有一个应用程序，它有一个用Angular创建的前端，它有一个像MongoDB一样的后端，还有一个在前端和后端之间交互的中间层。因此，当前端应用程序、数据库应用程序和中间层都单独部署时，我们称其为3层应用程序。

好处:如果我们将来需要扩展后端，我们只需要独立地扩展后端，而不需要扩展前端。

阅读Scott Hanselman关于这个问题的帖子:关于“三/多层/层架构/设计”的提醒:

请记住，在“Scott的世界”(希望也是你的世界:)中，“Tier”是一个部署单元，而“Layer”是代码中责任的逻辑分离。你可能会说你有一个“三层”系统，但在一台笔记本电脑上运行它。你可能会说你有一个“三层”系统，但只有ASP。与数据库对话的NET页。精准就是力量，朋友们。

从技术上讲，Tier可以是代码运行所需的一种最小环境。

例如，假设一个3层应用程序可以运行

3 physical machines with no OS . 1 physical machine with 3 virtual machines with no OS. (That was a 3-(hardware)tier app) 1 physical machine with 3 virtual machines with 3 different/same OSes (That was a 3-(OS)tier app) 1 physical machine with 1 virtual machine with 1 OS but 3 AppServers (That was a 3-(AppServer)tier app) 1 physical machine with 1 virtual machine with 1 OS with 1 AppServer but 3 DBMS (That was a 3-(DBMS)tier app) 1 physical machine with 1 virtual machine with 1 OS with 1 AppServers and 1 DBMS but 3 Excel workbooks. (That was a 3-(AppServer)tier app)

Excel工作簿是运行VBA代码所需的最低环境。

这3个工作簿可以放在一台物理计算机上，也可以放在多个物理计算机上。

我注意到，在实践中，人们在应用描述上下文中说“层”时，指的是“操作系统层”。

也就是说，如果一个应用运行在3个不同的操作系统上，那么它就是一个3层应用。

所以从学究角度来说，描述应用程序的正确方法是

“1至3层能力，运行在2层”应用程序。

:)

层只是应用程序中职责功能分离的代码类型(例如，表示，数据，安全等)。