我尝试在MyISAM和InnoDB表中插入随机数据。结果相当令人震惊。MyISAM插入100万行的时间比InnoDB插入1万行的时间少几秒钟!

几乎每次我开始一个新项目时，我都会问同样的问题，看看我是否能想出新的答案。

它最终归结为——我使用最新版本的MySQL并运行测试。

我有表，我想做键/值查找…就这些。我需要得到一个哈希键的值(0-512字节)。这个数据库上没有很多事务。表偶尔会更新(整个表)，但是没有事务。

所以我们这里讨论的不是一个复杂的系统，我们讨论的是一个简单的查找，..以及如何(除了使表RAM常驻)优化性能。

我也在其他数据库(即NoSQL)上做测试，看看是否有任何地方我可以获得优势。我所发现的最大优势是键映射，但就查找而言，MyISAM目前是所有优势中的佼佼者。

虽然，我不会执行与MyISAM表的金融交易，但对于简单的查找，你应该测试它。通常是2倍到5倍的查询/秒。

试试吧，我欢迎辩论。

我在表格中简要地讨论了这个问题，这样你就可以决定是使用InnoDB还是MyISAM。

下面是在哪种情况下应该使用哪种db存储引擎的一个小概述:

                                                 MyISAM   InnoDB
----------------------------------------------------------------
Required full-text search                        Yes      5.6.4
----------------------------------------------------------------
Require transactions                                      Yes
----------------------------------------------------------------
Frequent select queries                          Yes      
----------------------------------------------------------------
Frequent insert, update, delete                           Yes
----------------------------------------------------------------
Row locking (multi processing on single table)            Yes
----------------------------------------------------------------
Relational base design                                    Yes

总结

在几乎所有的情况下，InnoDB都是最好的选择 但是，经常阅读，几乎不写，使用MyISAM 全文搜索MySQL <= 5.5，使用MyISAM

我不是数据库专家，也不是凭经验说的。然而:

MyISAM表使用表级锁定。根据您的流量估计，您每秒有接近200个写入操作。有了MyISAM，在任何时候只有其中一项可以进行。您必须确保您的硬件能够跟上这些事务，以避免超时，即单个查询的时间不能超过5毫秒。

这就意味着你需要一个支持行级锁的存储引擎，比如InnoDB。

另一方面，编写几个简单的脚本来模拟每个存储引擎的负载，然后比较结果应该是相当简单的。

为了增加广泛的选择，这里涵盖了两个发动机之间的机械差异，我提出了一个经验速度比较研究。

就纯粹的速度而言，MyISAM并不总是比InnoDB快，但根据我的经验，在pure READ工作环境中，MyISAM往往快2.0-2.5倍。显然，这并不适用于所有环境——正如其他人所写的那样，MyISAM缺少事务和外键之类的东西。

我在下面做了一些基准测试——我使用python进行循环，使用timeit库进行时间比较。出于兴趣，我还包括了内存引擎，这提供了最好的性能，尽管它只适用于较小的表(当您超过MySQL内存限制时，您会不断遇到表'tbl'已满)。我研究的四种选择类型是:

香草选择 计数 有条件的选择 索引和非索引子选择

首先，我使用以下SQL创建了三个表

CREATE TABLE
    data_interrogation.test_table_myisam
    (
        index_col BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
        value1 DOUBLE,
        value2 DOUBLE,
        value3 DOUBLE,
        value4 DOUBLE,
        PRIMARY KEY (index_col)
    )
    ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

在第二和第三个表中用“MyISAM”替换“InnoDB”和“memory”。

 

1)香草选择

查询:SELECT * FROM tbl WHERE index_col = xx

结果:画

它们的速度基本上是相同的，并且正如预期的那样，与要选择的列数成线性关系。InnoDB似乎比MyISAM快一点，但这真的是微不足道的。

代码:

import timeit
import MySQLdb
import MySQLdb.cursors
import random
from random import randint

db = MySQLdb.connect(host="...", user="...", passwd="...", db="...", cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor)
cur = db.cursor()

lengthOfTable = 100000

# Fill up the tables with random data
for x in xrange(lengthOfTable):
    rand1 = random.random()
    rand2 = random.random()
    rand3 = random.random()
    rand4 = random.random()

    insertString = "INSERT INTO test_table_innodb (value1,value2,value3,value4) VALUES (" + str(rand1) + "," + str(rand2) + "," + str(rand3) + "," + str(rand4) + ")"
    insertString2 = "INSERT INTO test_table_myisam (value1,value2,value3,value4) VALUES (" + str(rand1) + "," + str(rand2) + "," + str(rand3) + "," + str(rand4) + ")"
    insertString3 = "INSERT INTO test_table_memory (value1,value2,value3,value4) VALUES (" + str(rand1) + "," + str(rand2) + "," + str(rand3) + "," + str(rand4) + ")"

    cur.execute(insertString)
    cur.execute(insertString2)
    cur.execute(insertString3)

db.commit()

# Define a function to pull a certain number of records from these tables
def selectRandomRecords(testTable,numberOfRecords):

    for x in xrange(numberOfRecords):
        rand1 = randint(0,lengthOfTable)

        selectString = "SELECT * FROM " + testTable + " WHERE index_col = " + str(rand1)
        cur.execute(selectString)

setupString = "from __main__ import selectRandomRecords"

# Test time taken using timeit
myisam_times = []
innodb_times = []
memory_times = []

for theLength in [3,10,30,100,300,1000,3000,10000]:

    innodb_times.append( timeit.timeit('selectRandomRecords("test_table_innodb",' + str(theLength) + ')', number=100, setup=setupString) )
    myisam_times.append( timeit.timeit('selectRandomRecords("test_table_myisam",' + str(theLength) + ')', number=100, setup=setupString) )
    memory_times.append( timeit.timeit('selectRandomRecords("test_table_memory",' + str(theLength) + ')', number=100, setup=setupString) )

 

2)计算

查询:SELECT count(*) FROM tbl

结果:MyISAM获胜

这个说明了MyISAM和InnoDB之间的一个很大的不同——MyISAM(和内存)跟踪表中的记录数量，所以这个事务是快速的，O(1)。在我调查的范围内，InnoDB计数所需的时间随着表的大小超线性增加。我怀疑在实践中观察到的许多MyISAM查询的加速都是由于类似的效果。

代码:

myisam_times = []
innodb_times = []
memory_times = []

# Define a function to count the records
def countRecords(testTable):

    selectString = "SELECT count(*) FROM " + testTable
    cur.execute(selectString)

setupString = "from __main__ import countRecords"

# Truncate the tables and re-fill with a set amount of data
for theLength in [3,10,30,100,300,1000,3000,10000,30000,100000]:

    truncateString = "TRUNCATE test_table_innodb"
    truncateString2 = "TRUNCATE test_table_myisam"
    truncateString3 = "TRUNCATE test_table_memory"

    cur.execute(truncateString)
    cur.execute(truncateString2)
    cur.execute(truncateString3)

    for x in xrange(theLength):
        rand1 = random.random()
        rand2 = random.random()
        rand3 = random.random()
        rand4 = random.random()

        insertString = "INSERT INTO test_table_innodb (value1,value2,value3,value4) VALUES (" + str(rand1) + "," + str(rand2) + "," + str(rand3) + "," + str(rand4) + ")"
        insertString2 = "INSERT INTO test_table_myisam (value1,value2,value3,value4) VALUES (" + str(rand1) + "," + str(rand2) + "," + str(rand3) + "," + str(rand4) + ")"
        insertString3 = "INSERT INTO test_table_memory (value1,value2,value3,value4) VALUES (" + str(rand1) + "," + str(rand2) + "," + str(rand3) + "," + str(rand4) + ")"

        cur.execute(insertString)
        cur.execute(insertString2)
        cur.execute(insertString3)

    db.commit()

    # Count and time the query
    innodb_times.append( timeit.timeit('countRecords("test_table_innodb")', number=100, setup=setupString) )
    myisam_times.append( timeit.timeit('countRecords("test_table_myisam")', number=100, setup=setupString) )
    memory_times.append( timeit.timeit('countRecords("test_table_memory")', number=100, setup=setupString) )

 

3)有条件选择

查询:SELECT * FROM tbl WHERE value1<0.5 AND value2<0.5 AND value3<0.5 AND value4<0.5

结果:MyISAM获胜

在这里，MyISAM和内存的性能大致相同，对于更大的表，它比InnoDB高出50%左右。在这类查询中，MyISAM的好处似乎得到了最大化。

代码:

myisam_times = []
innodb_times = []
memory_times = []

# Define a function to perform conditional selects
def conditionalSelect(testTable):
    selectString = "SELECT * FROM " + testTable + " WHERE value1 < 0.5 AND value2 < 0.5 AND value3 < 0.5 AND value4 < 0.5"
    cur.execute(selectString)

setupString = "from __main__ import conditionalSelect"

# Truncate the tables and re-fill with a set amount of data
for theLength in [3,10,30,100,300,1000,3000,10000,30000,100000]:

    truncateString = "TRUNCATE test_table_innodb"
    truncateString2 = "TRUNCATE test_table_myisam"
    truncateString3 = "TRUNCATE test_table_memory"

    cur.execute(truncateString)
    cur.execute(truncateString2)
    cur.execute(truncateString3)

    for x in xrange(theLength):
        rand1 = random.random()
        rand2 = random.random()
        rand3 = random.random()
        rand4 = random.random()

        insertString = "INSERT INTO test_table_innodb (value1,value2,value3,value4) VALUES (" + str(rand1) + "," + str(rand2) + "," + str(rand3) + "," + str(rand4) + ")"
        insertString2 = "INSERT INTO test_table_myisam (value1,value2,value3,value4) VALUES (" + str(rand1) + "," + str(rand2) + "," + str(rand3) + "," + str(rand4) + ")"
        insertString3 = "INSERT INTO test_table_memory (value1,value2,value3,value4) VALUES (" + str(rand1) + "," + str(rand2) + "," + str(rand3) + "," + str(rand4) + ")"

        cur.execute(insertString)
        cur.execute(insertString2)
        cur.execute(insertString3)

    db.commit()

    # Count and time the query
    innodb_times.append( timeit.timeit('conditionalSelect("test_table_innodb")', number=100, setup=setupString) )
    myisam_times.append( timeit.timeit('conditionalSelect("test_table_myisam")', number=100, setup=setupString) )
    memory_times.append( timeit.timeit('conditionalSelect("test_table_memory")', number=100, setup=setupString) )

 

4)子

结果:InnoDB胜出

对于这个查询，我为子选择创建了一组额外的表。每个都是简单的两列bigint，一列有主键索引，另一列没有任何索引。由于表的大小很大，我没有测试内存引擎。SQL表创建命令为

CREATE TABLE
    subselect_myisam
    (
        index_col bigint NOT NULL,
        non_index_col bigint,
        PRIMARY KEY (index_col)
    )
    ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

在第二个表中，'MyISAM'再次替换'InnoDB'。

在这个查询中，我将选择表的大小保留为1000000，而是改变子选择列的大小。

在这一点上，InnoDB很容易获胜。在我们得到一个合理的大小表后，两个引擎都线性缩放子选择的大小。索引加快了MyISAM命令的速度，但有趣的是，它对InnoDB的速度几乎没有影响。 subSelect.png

代码:

myisam_times = []
innodb_times = []
myisam_times_2 = []
innodb_times_2 = []

def subSelectRecordsIndexed(testTable,testSubSelect):
    selectString = "SELECT * FROM " + testTable + " WHERE index_col in ( SELECT index_col FROM " + testSubSelect + " )"
    cur.execute(selectString)

setupString = "from __main__ import subSelectRecordsIndexed"

def subSelectRecordsNotIndexed(testTable,testSubSelect):
    selectString = "SELECT * FROM " + testTable + " WHERE index_col in ( SELECT non_index_col FROM " + testSubSelect + " )"
    cur.execute(selectString)

setupString2 = "from __main__ import subSelectRecordsNotIndexed"

# Truncate the old tables, and re-fill with 1000000 records
truncateString = "TRUNCATE test_table_innodb"
truncateString2 = "TRUNCATE test_table_myisam"

cur.execute(truncateString)
cur.execute(truncateString2)

lengthOfTable = 1000000

# Fill up the tables with random data
for x in xrange(lengthOfTable):
    rand1 = random.random()
    rand2 = random.random()
    rand3 = random.random()
    rand4 = random.random()

    insertString = "INSERT INTO test_table_innodb (value1,value2,value3,value4) VALUES (" + str(rand1) + "," + str(rand2) + "," + str(rand3) + "," + str(rand4) + ")"
    insertString2 = "INSERT INTO test_table_myisam (value1,value2,value3,value4) VALUES (" + str(rand1) + "," + str(rand2) + "," + str(rand3) + "," + str(rand4) + ")"

    cur.execute(insertString)
    cur.execute(insertString2)

for theLength in [3,10,30,100,300,1000,3000,10000,30000,100000]:

    truncateString = "TRUNCATE subselect_innodb"
    truncateString2 = "TRUNCATE subselect_myisam"

    cur.execute(truncateString)
    cur.execute(truncateString2)

    # For each length, empty the table and re-fill it with random data
    rand_sample = sorted(random.sample(xrange(lengthOfTable), theLength))
    rand_sample_2 = random.sample(xrange(lengthOfTable), theLength)

    for (the_value_1,the_value_2) in zip(rand_sample,rand_sample_2):
        insertString = "INSERT INTO subselect_innodb (index_col,non_index_col) VALUES (" + str(the_value_1) + "," + str(the_value_2) + ")"
        insertString2 = "INSERT INTO subselect_myisam (index_col,non_index_col) VALUES (" + str(the_value_1) + "," + str(the_value_2) + ")"

        cur.execute(insertString)
        cur.execute(insertString2)

    db.commit()

    # Finally, time the queries
    innodb_times.append( timeit.timeit('subSelectRecordsIndexed("test_table_innodb","subselect_innodb")', number=100, setup=setupString) )
    myisam_times.append( timeit.timeit('subSelectRecordsIndexed("test_table_myisam","subselect_myisam")', number=100, setup=setupString) )
        
    innodb_times_2.append( timeit.timeit('subSelectRecordsNotIndexed("test_table_innodb","subselect_innodb")', number=100, setup=setupString2) )
    myisam_times_2.append( timeit.timeit('subSelectRecordsNotIndexed("test_table_myisam","subselect_myisam")', number=100, setup=setupString2) )

我认为所有这些的关键信息是，如果你真的关心速度，你需要对你正在执行的查询进行基准测试，而不是假设哪个引擎更适合。

我尝试在MyISAM和InnoDB表中插入随机数据。结果相当令人震惊。MyISAM插入100万行的时间比InnoDB插入1万行的时间少几秒钟!