使用Access而不是“真正的”数据库。有很多很棒的小型甚至免费的数据库，比如SQL Express、MySQL和SQLite，它们可以更好地工作和扩展。应用程序通常需要以意想不到的方式进行扩展。

不了解DBMS的工作原理。

如果不了解离合器的工作原理，你就不能正确地驾驶变速杆。如果不了解实际上只是在硬盘上写入文件，就无法理解如何使用数据库。

具体地说:

Do you know what a Clustered Index is? Did you think about it when you designed your schema? Do you know how to use indexes properly? How to reuse an index? Do you know what a Covering Index is? So great, you have indexes. How big is 1 row in your index? How big will the index be when you have a lot of data? Will that fit easily into memory? If it won't it's useless as an index. Have you ever used EXPLAIN in MySQL? Great. Now be honest with yourself: Did you understand even half of what you saw? No, you probably didn't. Fix that. Do you understand the Query Cache? Do you know what makes a query un-cachable? Are you using MyISAM? If you NEED full text search, MyISAM's is crap anyway. Use Sphinx. Then switch to Inno.

不使用索引。

第一个问题?他们只在玩具数据库上测试。因此，他们不知道当数据库变大时，他们的SQL将会爬行，并且稍后必须有人来修复它(您可以听到的声音是我咬牙切齿的声音)。

二十年来我见过的最常见的错误是:没有提前计划。许多开发人员将创建数据库和表，然后在构建应用程序时不断修改和扩展表。最终的结果往往是一团糟，效率低下，之后很难清理或简化。

开发人员所犯的关键数据库设计和编程错误

Selfish database design and usage. Developers often treat the database as their personal persistent object store without considering the needs of other stakeholders in the data. This also applies to application architects. Poor database design and data integrity makes it hard for third parties working with the data and can substantially increase the system's life cycle costs. Reporting and MIS tends to be a poor cousin in application design and only done as an afterthought. Abusing denormalised data. Overdoing denormalised data and trying to maintain it within the application is a recipe for data integrity issues. Use denormalisation sparingly. Not wanting to add a join to a query is not an excuse for denormalising. Scared of writing SQL. SQL isn't rocket science and is actually quite good at doing its job. O/R mapping layers are quite good at doing the 95% of queries that are simple and fit well into that model. Sometimes SQL is the best way to do the job. Dogmatic 'No Stored Procedures' policies. Regardless of whether you believe stored procedures are evil, this sort of dogmatic attitude has no place on a software project. Not understanding database design. Normalisation is your friend and it's not rocket science. Joining and cardinality are fairly simple concepts - if you're involved in database application development there's really no excuse for not understanding them.