第一个问题?他们只在玩具数据库上测试。因此，他们不知道当数据库变大时，他们的SQL将会爬行，并且稍后必须有人来修复它(您可以听到的声音是我咬牙切齿的声音)。

没有做正确的标准化。您希望确保数据没有重复，并且根据需要将数据分割为不同的数据。您还需要确保不要过于遵循规范化，否则会损害性能。

我想补充一点: 偏好“优雅”代码而不是高性能代码。在应用程序开发人员看来，对数据库最有效的代码通常是丑陋的。

Believing that nonsense about premature optimization. Databases must consider performance in the original design and in any subsequent development. Performance is 50% of database design (40% is data integrity and the last 10% is security) in my opinion. Databases which are not built from the bottom up to perform will perform badly once real users and real traffic are placed against the database. Premature optimization doesn't mean no optimization! It doesn't mean you should write code that will almost always perform badly because you find it easier (cursors for example which should never be allowed in a production database unless all else has failed). It means you don't need to look at squeezing out that last little bit of performance until you need to. A lot is known about what will perform better on databases, to ignore this in design and development is short-sighted at best.

这里有一个视频链接，名为“经典数据库开发错误和克服它们的五种方法”，作者是Scott Walz

非常大的事务，插入/更新大量数据，然后重新加载它。基本上，这是因为没有考虑数据库工作的多用户环境。 过度使用函数，特别是作为select和where子句中的结果，导致函数被反复调用以获取结果。我认为，这符合他们试图以他们更习惯的过程方式工作而不是充分利用SQL的一般情况。

我不得不说，应用程序开发人员犯的最大错误是没有正确地规范化数据库。

作为一名应用程序开发人员，我意识到正确的数据库结构、规范化和维护的重要性;我花了无数的时间自学数据库结构和管理。根据我的经验，每当我开始与不同的开发人员合作时，我通常必须重组整个数据库并更新应用程序以适应，因为它通常是畸形的和有缺陷的。

For example, I started working with a new project where the developer asked me to implement Facebook Connect on the site. I cracked open the database to see what I had to work with and saw that every little bit of information about any given user was crammed into one table. It took me six hours to write a script that would organize the table into four or five separate tables and another two to get the app to use those tables. Please, normalize your databases! It will make everything else less of a headache.