我到处搜索，并没有真正找到一个明确的答案，什么时候你想使用. first，什么时候你想使用. firstordefault与LINQ。
什么时候你想用。first ?只有当你想捕捉异常，如果没有结果返回哪里? var result =列表。Where(x => x == "foo").First(); 什么时候使用。firstordefault ?当你总是想默认类型，如果没有结果? var result =列表。Where(x => x == "foo").FirstOrDefault(); 说到这，那塔克呢? var result =列表。Where(x => x == "foo").Take(1);
当前回答
Others have very well described the difference between First() and FirstOrDefault(). I want to take a further step in interpreting the semantics of these methods. In my opinion FirstOrDefault is being overused a lot. In the majority of the cases when you’re filtering data you would either expect to get back a collection of elements matching the logical condition or a single unique element by its unique identifier – such as a user, book, post etc... That’s why we can even get as far as saying that FirstOrDefault() is a code smell not because there is something wrong with it but because it’s being used way too often. This blog post explores the topic in details. IMO most of the times SingleOrDefault() is a much better alternative so watch out for this mistake and make sure you use the most appropriate method that clearly represents your contract and expectations.
其他回答
如果没有要返回的行，. first()将抛出异常，而. firstordefault()将返回默认值(所有引用类型为NULL)。
因此，如果你准备好并愿意处理一个可能的异常，. first()是很好的。如果您更喜欢检查!= null的返回值，那么. firstordefault()是更好的选择。
但我想这也有点个人偏好。使用哪个对你更有意义，更适合你的编码风格。
另一个需要注意的区别是，如果您在生产环境中调试应用程序，您可能无法访问行号，因此识别方法中哪个特定的. first()语句抛出异常可能很困难。
异常消息也不包括您可能使用过的任何Lambda表达式，这会使任何问题更难调试。
这就是为什么我总是使用FirstOrDefault()，即使我知道空条目将构成异常情况。
var customer = context.Customers.FirstOrDefault(i => i.Id == customerId);
if (customer == null)
{
throw new Exception(string.Format("Can't find customer {0}.", customerId));
}
当我知道或期望序列至少有一个元素时，我会使用First()。换句话说，当出现异常时，序列为空。
当您知道需要检查是否存在元素时，请使用FirstOrDefault()。换句话说，当序列为空是合法的时候。您不应该依赖异常处理进行检查。(这是不好的做法，可能会影响性能)。
最后，First()和Take(1)之间的区别是First()返回元素本身，而Take(1)返回只包含一个元素的元素序列。
第()
当您知道结果包含超过1个期望的元素时，您应该只输入序列的第一个元素。
FirstOrDefault ()
FirstOrDefault()与First()类似，不同之处在于，如果没有元素匹配指定的条件，它将返回泛型集合的底层类型的默认值。如果没有找到元素，它不会抛出InvalidOperationException。但如果元素或序列的集合为空，则抛出异常。
Others have very well described the difference between First() and FirstOrDefault(). I want to take a further step in interpreting the semantics of these methods. In my opinion FirstOrDefault is being overused a lot. In the majority of the cases when you’re filtering data you would either expect to get back a collection of elements matching the logical condition or a single unique element by its unique identifier – such as a user, book, post etc... That’s why we can even get as far as saying that FirstOrDefault() is a code smell not because there is something wrong with it but because it’s being used way too often. This blog post explores the topic in details. IMO most of the times SingleOrDefault() is a much better alternative so watch out for this mistake and make sure you use the most appropriate method that clearly represents your contract and expectations.
