当您希望某些状态不应该在不同线程之间共享，但每个线程在其整个生命周期内都可以访问时，ThreadLocal非常有用。

As an example, imagine a web application, where each request is served by a different thread. Imagine that for each request you need a piece of data multiple times, which is quite expensive to compute. However, that data might have changed for each incoming request, which means that you can't use a plain cache. A simple, quick solution to this problem would be to have a ThreadLocal variable holding access to this data, so that you have to calculate it only once for each request. Of course, this problem can also be solved without the use of ThreadLocal, but I devised it for illustration purposes.

也就是说，请记住ThreadLocals本质上是一种全局状态的形式。因此，它有许多其他含义，只有在考虑了所有其他可能的解决方案后才应该使用。

Webapp服务器可能会保留一个线程池，并且在响应客户端之前应该删除ThreadLocal变量，因此当前线程可能会被下一个请求重用。

ThreadLocal in Java had been introduced on JDK 1.2 but was later generified in JDK 1.5 to introduce type safety on ThreadLocal variable. ThreadLocal can be associated with Thread scope, all the code which is executed by Thread has access to ThreadLocal variables but two thread can not see each others ThreadLocal variable. Each thread holds an exclusive copy of ThreadLocal variable which becomes eligible to Garbage collection after thread finished or died, normally or due to any Exception, Given those ThreadLocal variable doesn't have any other live references. ThreadLocal variables in Java are generally private static fields in Classes and maintain its state inside Thread.

阅读更多:Java示例程序和教程中的ThreadLocal

ThreadLocal will ensure accessing the mutable object by the multiple threads in the non synchronized method is synchronized, means making the mutable object to be immutable within the method. This is achieved by giving new instance of mutable object for each thread try accessing it. So It is local copy to the each thread. This is some hack on making instance variable in a method to be accessed like a local variable. As you aware method local variable is only available to the thread, one difference is; method local variables will not available to the thread once method execution is over where as mutable object shared with threadlocal will be available across multiple methods till we clean it up.

通过定义:

Java中的ThreadLocal类允许您创建这样的变量 只能在同一线程上读写。这样，即使是两个线程 正在执行相同的代码，并且该代码有一个对 变量ThreadLocal，那么两个线程不能看到彼此的线程 ThreadLocal变量。

java中的每个线程都包含ThreadLocalMap。 在哪里

Key = One ThreadLocal object shared across threads.
value = Mutable object which has to be used synchronously, this will be instantiated for each thread.

实现ThreadLocal:

现在为ThreadLocal创建一个包装器类，它将保存如下所示的可变对象(有或没有initialValue())。现在这个包装器的getter和setter将工作于threadlocal实例，而不是可变对象。

如果threadlocal的getter()在线程的threadlocalmap中没有找到任何值;然后它将调用initialValue()来获得它相对于线程的私有副本。

class SimpleDateFormatInstancePerThread {

    private static final ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat> dateFormatHolder = new ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat>() {

        @Override
        protected SimpleDateFormat initialValue() {
            SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd") {
                UUID id = UUID.randomUUID();
                @Override
                public String toString() {
                    return id.toString();
                };
            };
            System.out.println("Creating SimpleDateFormat instance " + dateFormat +" for Thread : " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            return dateFormat;
        }
    };

    /*
     * Every time there is a call for DateFormat, ThreadLocal will return calling
     * Thread's copy of SimpleDateFormat
     */
    public static DateFormat getDateFormatter() {
        return dateFormatHolder.get();
    }

    public static void cleanup() {
        dateFormatHolder.remove();
    }
}

现在wrapper.getDateFormatter()将调用threadlocal.get()并检查currentThread。threadLocalMap包含这个(threadlocal)实例。 如果是，返回对应threadlocal实例的值(SimpleDateFormat) 否则使用这个threadlocal实例initialValue()添加映射。

在此可变类上实现线程安全;每个线程都使用自己的可变实例，但使用相同的ThreadLocal实例。意味着所有线程将共享相同的ThreadLocal实例作为key，但不同的SimpleDateFormat实例作为value。

https://github.com/skanagavelu/yt.tech/blob/master/src/ThreadLocalTest.java

Threadlocal提供了一种非常简单的零成本实现对象可重用性的方法。

我遇到过这样一种情况，在每次更新通知时，多个线程都在创建可变缓存的映像。

我在每个线程上使用Threadlocal，然后每个线程只需要重置旧映像，然后在每次更新通知时从缓存中再次更新它。

来自对象池的通常可重用对象具有与之相关的线程安全成本，而此方法没有。

您必须非常小心地使用ThreadLocal模式。有一些主要的缺点，如Phil所提到的，但其中一个没有提到的是，要确保设置ThreadLocal上下文的代码不是“可重入的”。

当设置信息的代码第二次或第三次运行时，可能会发生糟糕的事情，因为线程上的信息可能会在您没有预料到的时候开始发生变化。因此，在再次设置ThreadLocal信息之前，请注意确保没有设置它。