Webapp服务器可能会保留一个线程池，并且在响应客户端之前应该删除ThreadLocal变量，因此当前线程可能会被下一个请求重用。

一种可能的(也是常见的)用途是，当您有一些不是线程安全的对象，但您希望避免同步访问该对象(我正在看您，SimpleDateFormat)。相反，给每个线程它自己的对象实例。

例如:

public class Foo
{
    // SimpleDateFormat is not thread-safe, so give one to each thread
    private static final ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat> formatter = new ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat>(){
        @Override
        protected SimpleDateFormat initialValue()
        {
            return new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd HHmm");
        }
    };

    public String formatIt(Date date)
    {
        return formatter.get().format(date);
    }
}

文档。

在《Java并发实践》一书中有一个很好的例子。作者(Joshua Bloch)解释了线程限制是实现线程安全的最简单方法之一，而ThreadLocal是维护线程限制的更正式的方法。最后，他还解释了人们如何滥用它作为全局变量。

我已经从提到的书中复制了文本，但代码3.10是缺失的，因为它不太重要，了解ThreadLocal应该在哪里使用。

Thread-local variables are often used to prevent sharing in designs based on mutable Singletons or global variables. For example, a single-threaded application might maintain a global database connection that is initialized at startup to avoid having to pass a Connection to every method. Since JDBC connections may not be thread-safe, a multithreaded application that uses a global connection without additional coordination is not thread-safe either. By using a ThreadLocal to store the JDBC connection, as in ConnectionHolder in Listing 3.10, each thread will have its own connection. ThreadLocal is widely used in implementing application frameworks. For example, J2EE containers associate a transaction context with an executing thread for the duration of an EJB call. This is easily implemented using a static Thread-Local holding the transaction context: when framework code needs to determine what transaction is currently running, it fetches the transaction context from this ThreadLocal. This is convenient in that it reduces the need to pass execution context information into every method, but couples any code that uses this mechanism to the framework. It is easy to abuse ThreadLocal by treating its thread confinement property as a license to use global variables or as a means of creating “hidden” method arguments. Like global variables, thread-local variables can detract from reusability and introduce hidden couplings among classes, and should therefore be used with care.

在多线程代码中使用类似SimpleDateFormat的类助手有三种场景，其中最好的一种是使用ThreadLocal

场景

1-通过锁或同步机制使用类似的共享对象，使应用程序变慢

线程池操作场景

2-在方法中作为局部对象使用

在线程池中，在这个场景中，如果我们有4个线程每个线程有1000个任务时间，那么我们有 创建了4000 SimpleDateFormat对象，并等待GC删除它们

3-使用ThreadLocal

在线程池中，如果我们有4个线程，我们给每个线程一个SimpleDateFormat实例 我们有4个线程，4个SimpleDateFormat对象。

不需要锁机制和对象的创建和销毁。(良好的时间复杂度和空间复杂度)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjMe9aecW_A

ThreadLocal in Java had been introduced on JDK 1.2 but was later generified in JDK 1.5 to introduce type safety on ThreadLocal variable. ThreadLocal can be associated with Thread scope, all the code which is executed by Thread has access to ThreadLocal variables but two thread can not see each others ThreadLocal variable. Each thread holds an exclusive copy of ThreadLocal variable which becomes eligible to Garbage collection after thread finished or died, normally or due to any Exception, Given those ThreadLocal variable doesn't have any other live references. ThreadLocal variables in Java are generally private static fields in Classes and maintain its state inside Thread.

阅读更多:Java示例程序和教程中的ThreadLocal

第一个用例——每个线程上下文，提供线程安全性和性能 SpringFramework类中的实时示例-

LocaleContextHolder TransactionContextHolder RequestContextHolder DateTimeContextHolder

第二个用例——当我们不想在线程之间共享一些东西，同时由于性能成本而不想使用同步/锁定时 SimpleDateFormat为日期创建自定义格式

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

/**
 * @author - GreenLearner(https://www.youtube.com/c/greenlearner)
 */
public class ThreadLocalDemo1 {
    SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("dd-mm-yyyy");//not thread safe
    ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat> tdl1 = ThreadLocal.withInitial(() -> new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-dd-mm"));

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ThreadLocalDemo1 d1 = new ThreadLocalDemo1();

        ExecutorService es = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);

        for(int i=0; i<100; i++) {
            es.submit(() -> System.out.println(d1.getDate(new Date())));
        }
        es.shutdown();
    }

    String getDate(Date date){

//        String s = tsdf.get().format(date);
        String s1 = tdl1.get().format(date);
        return s1;
    }
}

使用技巧

尽可能使用局部变量。这样我们就可以避免使用ThreadLocal 尽可能地将功能委托给框架 如果使用ThreadLocal并将状态设置在其中，请确保在使用后清理它，否则它可能成为OutOfMemoryError的主要原因