如何在特定范围内生成随机int值?

以下方法存在与整数溢出相关的错误:

randomNum = minimum + (int)(Math.random() * maximum);
// Bug: `randomNum` can be bigger than `maximum`.
Random rn = new Random();
int n = maximum - minimum + 1;
int i = rn.nextInt() % n;
randomNum =  minimum + i;
// Bug: `randomNum` can be smaller than `minimum`.

当前回答

int func(int max, int min){

      int range = max - min + 1;
      
      // Math.random() function will return a random no between [0.0,1.0).
      int res = (int) ( Math.random()*range)+min;

      return res;
}

其他回答

在Java 1.7或更高版本中,执行此操作的标准方法如下:

import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;

// nextInt is normally exclusive of the top value,
// so add 1 to make it inclusive
int randomNum = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(min, max + 1);

请参阅相关的JavaDoc。这种方法的优点是不需要显式初始化java.util.Random实例,如果使用不当,可能会导致混淆和错误。

然而,相反,没有办法明确设置种子,因此在测试或保存游戏状态等有用的情况下,很难再现结果。在这些情况下,可以使用下面所示的Java 1.7之前的技术。

在Java 1.7之前,执行此操作的标准方法如下:

import java.util.Random;

/**
 * Returns a pseudo-random number between min and max, inclusive.
 * The difference between min and max can be at most
 * <code>Integer.MAX_VALUE - 1</code>.
 *
 * @param min Minimum value
 * @param max Maximum value.  Must be greater than min.
 * @return Integer between min and max, inclusive.
 * @see java.util.Random#nextInt(int)
 */
public static int randInt(int min, int max) {

    // NOTE: This will (intentionally) not run as written so that folks
    // copy-pasting have to think about how to initialize their
    // Random instance.  Initialization of the Random instance is outside
    // the main scope of the question, but some decent options are to have
    // a field that is initialized once and then re-used as needed or to
    // use ThreadLocalRandom (if using at least Java 1.7).
    // 
    // In particular, do NOT do 'Random rand = new Random()' here or you
    // will get not very good / not very random results.
    Random rand;

    // nextInt is normally exclusive of the top value,
    // so add 1 to make it inclusive
    int randomNum = rand.nextInt((max - min) + 1) + min;

    return randomNum;
}

请参阅相关的JavaDoc。实际上,java.util.Random类通常比java.lang.Math.Random()更好。

特别是,当标准库中有一个简单的API来完成任务时,无需重新发明随机整数生成轮。

在尝试1中进行以下更改应该可以完成工作-

randomNum = minimum + (int)(Math.random() * (maximum - minimum) );

检查此项以获取工作代码。

从Java7开始,您应该不再使用Random。对于大多数用途选择的随机数生成器现在ThreadLocalRandom。用于fork连接池和并行流,使用SplitableRandom。

乔舒亚·布洛赫。有效的Java。第三版。

从Java 8开始

对于fork-join池和并行流,请使用SplittableRandom,它通常更快,与Random相比具有更好的统计独立性和一致性财产。

要生成[0,1_000]范围内的随机整数:

int n = new SplittableRandom().nextInt(0, 1_001);

要生成[0,1_000]范围内的随机整数[100]数组,请执行以下操作:

int[] a = new SplittableRandom().ints(100, 0, 1_001).parallel().toArray();

要返回随机值流:

IntStream stream = new SplittableRandom().ints(100, 0, 1_001);

如果掷骰子,它将是1到6(而不是0到6)之间的随机数,因此:

face = 1 + randomNumbers.nextInt(6);

你可以这样做:

import java.awt.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.math.*;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int first, second;

        Scanner myScanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        System.out.println("Enter first integer: ");
        int numOne;
        numOne = myScanner.nextInt();
        System.out.println("You have keyed in " + numOne);

        System.out.println("Enter second integer: ");
        int numTwo;
        numTwo = myScanner.nextInt();
        System.out.println("You have keyed in " + numTwo);

        Random generator = new Random();
        int num = (int)(Math.random()*numTwo);
        System.out.println("Random number: " + ((num>numOne)?num:numOne+num));
    }
}