如何在特定范围内生成随机int值?

以下方法存在与整数溢出相关的错误:

randomNum = minimum + (int)(Math.random() * maximum);
// Bug: `randomNum` can be bigger than `maximum`.
Random rn = new Random();
int n = maximum - minimum + 1;
int i = rn.nextInt() % n;
randomNum =  minimum + i;
// Bug: `randomNum` can be smaller than `minimum`.

当前回答

import java.util.Random; 

public class RandomUtil {
    // Declare as class variable so that it is not re-seeded every call
    private static Random random = new Random();

    /**
     * Returns a psuedo-random number between min and max (both inclusive)
     * @param min Minimim value
     * @param max Maximim value. Must be greater than min.
     * @return Integer between min and max (both inclusive)
     * @see java.util.Random#nextInt(int)
     */
    public static int nextInt(int min, int max) {
        // nextInt is normally exclusive of the top value,
        // so add 1 to make it inclusive
        return random.nextInt((max - min) + 1) + min;
    }
}

其他回答

我的一个朋友今天在大学里问过我同样的问题(他的要求是生成一个介于1和-1之间的随机数)。所以我写了这个,到目前为止,它在我的测试中运行良好。理想情况下,有很多方法可以在给定范围内生成随机数。试试看:

功能:

private static float getRandomNumberBetween(float numberOne, float numberTwo) throws Exception{

    if (numberOne == numberTwo){
        throw new Exception("Both the numbers can not be equal");
    }

    float rand = (float) Math.random();
    float highRange = Math.max(numberOne, numberTwo);
    float lowRange = Math.min(numberOne, numberTwo);

    float lowRand = (float) Math.floor(rand-1);
    float highRand = (float) Math.ceil(rand+1);

    float genRand = (highRange-lowRange)*((rand-lowRand)/(highRand-lowRand))+lowRange;

    return genRand;
}

执行方式如下:

System.out.println( getRandomNumberBetween(1,-1));

我已经创建了一个方法来获取给定范围内的唯一整数。

/*
      * minNum is the minimum possible random number
      * maxNum is the maximum possible random number
      * numbersNeeded is the quantity of random number required
      * the give method provides you with unique random number between min & max range
*/
public static Set<Integer> getUniqueRandomNumbers( int minNum , int maxNum ,int numbersNeeded ){

    if(minNum >= maxNum)
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("maxNum must be greater than minNum");

    if(! (numbersNeeded > (maxNum - minNum + 1) ))
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("numberNeeded must be greater then difference b/w (max- min +1)");

    Random rng = new Random(); // Ideally just create one instance globally

    // Note: use LinkedHashSet to maintain insertion order
    Set<Integer> generated = new LinkedHashSet<Integer>();
    while (generated.size() < numbersNeeded)
    {
        Integer next = rng.nextInt((maxNum - minNum) + 1) + minNum;

        // As we're adding to a set, this will automatically do a containment check
        generated.add(next);
    }
    return generated;
}

在java-8中,他们在Random类中引入了方法int(int randomNumberOrigin,int randomNumber Bound)。

例如,如果要生成[0,10]范围内的五个随机整数(或单个整数),只需执行以下操作:

Random r = new Random();
int[] fiveRandomNumbers = r.ints(5, 0, 11).toArray();
int randomNumber = r.ints(1, 0, 11).findFirst().getAsInt();

第一个参数仅指示生成的IntStream的大小(这是生成无限IntStream的重载方法)。

如果需要执行多个单独的调用,可以从流中创建无限基元迭代器:

public final class IntRandomNumberGenerator {

    private PrimitiveIterator.OfInt randomIterator;

    /**
     * Initialize a new random number generator that generates
     * random numbers in the range [min, max]
     * @param min - the min value (inclusive)
     * @param max - the max value (inclusive)
     */
    public IntRandomNumberGenerator(int min, int max) {
        randomIterator = new Random().ints(min, max + 1).iterator();
    }

    /**
     * Returns a random number in the range (min, max)
     * @return a random number in the range (min, max)
     */
    public int nextInt() {
        return randomIterator.nextInt();
    }
}

您也可以对双值和长值执行此操作。

下面是一个简单的示例,它显示了如何从闭合的[min,max]范围生成随机数,而min<=max为真

您可以将其作为孔中字段类重用,也可以将所有Random.class方法放在一个位置

结果示例:

RandomUtils random = new RandomUtils();
random.nextInt(0, 0); // returns 0
random.nextInt(10, 10); // returns 10
random.nextInt(-10, 10); // returns numbers from -10 to 10 (-10, -9....9, 10)
random.nextInt(10, -10); // throws assert

来源:

import junit.framework.Assert;
import java.util.Random;

public class RandomUtils extends Random {

    /**
     * @param min generated value. Can't be > then max
     * @param max generated value
     * @return values in closed range [min, max].
     */
    public int nextInt(int min, int max) {
        Assert.assertFalse("min can't be > then max; values:[" + min + ", " + max + "]", min > max);
        if (min == max) {
            return max;
        }

        return nextInt(max - min + 1) + min;
    }
}
private static Random random = new Random();    

public static int getRandomInt(int min, int max){
  return random.nextInt(max - min + 1) + min;
}

OR

public static int getRandomInt(Random random, int min, int max)
{
  return random.nextInt(max - min + 1) + min;
}