如何在特定范围内生成随机int值?

以下方法存在与整数溢出相关的错误:

randomNum = minimum + (int)(Math.random() * maximum);
// Bug: `randomNum` can be bigger than `maximum`.
Random rn = new Random();
int n = maximum - minimum + 1;
int i = rn.nextInt() % n;
randomNum =  minimum + i;
// Bug: `randomNum` can be smaller than `minimum`.

当前回答

import java.util.Random; 

public class RandomUtil {
    // Declare as class variable so that it is not re-seeded every call
    private static Random random = new Random();

    /**
     * Returns a psuedo-random number between min and max (both inclusive)
     * @param min Minimim value
     * @param max Maximim value. Must be greater than min.
     * @return Integer between min and max (both inclusive)
     * @see java.util.Random#nextInt(int)
     */
    public static int nextInt(int min, int max) {
        // nextInt is normally exclusive of the top value,
        // so add 1 to make it inclusive
        return random.nextInt((max - min) + 1) + min;
    }
}

其他回答

请原谅我过于挑剔,但大多数人建议的解决方案,即min+rng.nextInt(max-min+1),似乎很危险,因为:

rng.nextInt(n)无法达到整数.MAX_VALUE。当min为负值时,(max-min)可能会导致溢出。

万无一失的解决方案将为[Integer.min_VALUE,Integer.max_VALUE]内的任何min<=max返回正确的结果。请考虑以下简单的实现:

int nextIntInRange(int min, int max, Random rng) {
   if (min > max) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot draw random int from invalid range [" + min + ", " + max + "].");
   }
   int diff = max - min;
   if (diff >= 0 && diff != Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
      return (min + rng.nextInt(diff + 1));
   }
   int i;
   do {
      i = rng.nextInt();
   } while (i < min || i > max);
   return i;
}

尽管效率低下,但请注意while循环中成功的概率始终为50%或更高。

rand.nextInt((max+1) - min) + min;

这很好。

如果掷骰子,它将是1到6(而不是0到6)之间的随机数,因此:

face = 1 + randomNumbers.nextInt(6);

这是实现这一点的简单方法。

import java.util.Random;
class Example{
    public static void main(String args[]){
        /*-To test-
        for(int i = 1 ;i<20 ; i++){
            System.out.print(randomnumber()+",");
        }
        */

        int randomnumber = randomnumber();

    }

    public static int randomnumber(){
        Random rand = new Random();
        int randomNum = rand.nextInt(6) + 5;

        return randomNum;
    }
}

其中5是随机数的起点。6是包括数字5的范围。

另一种选择是使用Apache Commons:

import org.apache.commons.math.random.RandomData;
import org.apache.commons.math.random.RandomDataImpl;

public void method() {
    RandomData randomData = new RandomDataImpl();
    int number = randomData.nextInt(5, 10);
    // ...
 }