定义这个decoratorize函数来生成定制的decorator函数:

def decoratorize(FUN, **kw):
    def foo(*args, **kws):
        return FUN(*args, **kws, **kw)
    return foo

可以这样用:

    @decoratorize(FUN, arg1 = , arg2 = , ...)
    def bar(...):
        ...

我认为这里有一个工作的、现实世界的示例，其中包含最通用的用例的使用示例。

下面是函数的装饰器，它在进入和退出函数时输出log。

参数控制是否打印输入输出值，日志级别等。

import logging 
from functools import wraps


def log_in_out(logger=logging.get_logger(), is_print_input=True, is_print_output=True, is_method=True, log_level=logging.DEBUG):
    """
    @param logger-
    @param is_print_input- toggle printing input arguments
    @param is_print_output- toggle printing output values
    @param is_method- True for methods, False for functions. Makes "self" not printed in case of is_print_input==True
    @param log_level-

    @returns- a decorator that logs to logger when entering or exiting the decorated function.
    Don't uglify your code!
    """

    def decor(fn):
        @wraps(fn)
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            if is_print_input:
                logger.log(
                    msg=f"Entered {fn.__name__} with args={args[1:] if is_method else args}, kwargs={kwargs}",
                    level=log_level
                )
            else:
                logger.log(
                    msg=f"Entered {fn.__name__}",
                    level=log_level
                )

            result = fn(*args, **kwargs)

            if is_print_output and result is not None:
                logger.log(
                    msg=f"Exited {fn.__name__} with result {result}",
                    level=log_level,
                )
            else:
                logger.log(
                    msg=f"Exited {fn.__name__}",
                    level=log_level
                )

            return result

        return wrapper

    return decor

用法:

 @log_in_out(is_method=False, is_print_input=False)
    def foo(a, b=5):
        return 3, a

Foo(2)—>打印

输入foo 输出结果为(3,2)的foo

    class A():
        @log_in_out(is_print_output=False)
        def bar(self, c, m, y):
            return c, 6

a = () A.bar (1,2, y=3)—>打印

输入bar with args=(1, 2)， kwargs={y:3} 离开酒吧

这是一个函数装饰器模板，如果没有参数，则不需要()，并且支持位置参数和关键字参数(但需要检查locals()，以确定第一个参数是否是要装饰的函数):

import functools


def decorator(x_or_func=None, *decorator_args, **decorator_kws):
    def _decorator(func):
        @functools.wraps(func)
        def wrapper(*args, **kws):
            if 'x_or_func' not in locals() \
                    or callable(x_or_func) \
                    or x_or_func is None:
                x = ...  # <-- default `x` value
            else:
                x = x_or_func
            return func(*args, **kws)

        return wrapper

    return _decorator(x_or_func) if callable(x_or_func) else _decorator

下面是一个例子:

def multiplying(factor_or_func=None):
    def _decorator(func):
        @functools.wraps(func)
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            if 'factor_or_func' not in locals() \
                    or callable(factor_or_func) \
                    or factor_or_func is None:
                factor = 1
            else:
                factor = factor_or_func
            return factor * func(*args, **kwargs)
        return wrapper
    return _decorator(factor_or_func) if callable(factor_or_func) else _decorator


@multiplying
def summing(x): return sum(x)

print(summing(range(10)))
# 45


@multiplying()
def summing(x): return sum(x)

print(summing(range(10)))
# 45


@multiplying(10)
def summing(x): return sum(x)

print(summing(range(10)))
# 450

或者，如果不需要位置参数，可以不检查wrapper()中的第一个参数(从而不需要使用locals()):

import functools


def decorator(func_=None, **decorator_kws):
    def _decorator(func):
        @functools.wraps(func)
        def wrapper(*args, **kws):
            return func(*args, **kws)
        return wrapper

    if callable(func_):
        return _decorator(func_)
    elif func_ is None:
        return _decorator
    else:
        raise RuntimeWarning("Positional arguments are not supported.")

下面是一个例子:

import functools


def multiplying(func_=None, factor=1):
    def _decorator(func):
        @functools.wraps(func)
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            return factor * func(*args, **kwargs)
        return wrapper

    if callable(func_):
        return _decorator(func_)
    elif func_ is None:
        return _decorator
    else:
        raise RuntimeWarning("Positional arguments are not supported.")


@multiplying
def summing(x): return sum(x)

print(summing(range(10)))
# 45


@multiplying()
def summing(x): return sum(x)

print(summing(range(10)))
# 45


@multiplying(factor=10)
def summing(x): return sum(x)

print(summing(range(10)))
# 450


@multiplying(10)
def summing(x): return sum(x)
print(summing(range(10)))
# RuntimeWarning Traceback (most recent call last)
#    ....
# RuntimeWarning: Positional arguments are not supported.

(部分改编自@ShitalShah的回答)

编辑:为了深入了解装饰师的心理模型，请看看这个很棒的Pycon Talk。这30分钟很值得。

考虑带参数的装饰器的一种方式是

@decorator
def foo(*args, **kwargs):
    pass

翻译为

foo = decorator(foo)

如果decorator有参数，

@decorator_with_args(arg)
def foo(*args, **kwargs):
    pass

翻译为

foo = decorator_with_args(arg)(foo)

Decorator_with_args是一个函数，它接受自定义参数并返回实际的装饰器(将应用于被装饰的函数)。

我使用了一个简单的技巧与部分，使我的装饰容易

from functools import partial

def _pseudo_decor(fun, argument):
    def ret_fun(*args, **kwargs):
        #do stuff here, for eg.
        print ("decorator arg is %s" % str(argument))
        return fun(*args, **kwargs)
    return ret_fun

real_decorator = partial(_pseudo_decor, argument=arg)

@real_decorator
def foo(*args, **kwargs):
    pass

更新:

上面，foo变成了real_decorator(foo)

修饰函数的一个效果是，foo的名字在修饰器声明中被重写。Foo被real_decorator返回的任何东西“覆盖”。在本例中，是一个新的函数对象。

foo的所有元数据都会被重写，尤其是文档字符串和函数名。

>>> print(foo)
<function _pseudo_decor.<locals>.ret_fun at 0x10666a2f0>

functools。Wraps为我们提供了一个方便的方法，将文档字符串和名称“提升”到返回的函数中。

from functools import partial, wraps

def _pseudo_decor(fun, argument):
    # magic sauce to lift the name and doc of the function
    @wraps(fun)
    def ret_fun(*args, **kwargs):
        # pre function execution stuff here, for eg.
        print("decorator argument is %s" % str(argument))
        returned_value =  fun(*args, **kwargs)
        # post execution stuff here, for eg.
        print("returned value is %s" % returned_value)
        return returned_value

    return ret_fun

real_decorator1 = partial(_pseudo_decor, argument="some_arg")
real_decorator2 = partial(_pseudo_decor, argument="some_other_arg")

@real_decorator1
def bar(*args, **kwargs):
    pass

>>> print(bar)
<function __main__.bar(*args, **kwargs)>

>>> bar(1,2,3, k="v", x="z")
decorator argument is some_arg
returned value is None

就这么简单

def real_decorator(any_number_of_arguments):
   def pseudo_decorator(function_to_be_decorated):

       def real_wrapper(function_arguments):
           print(function_arguments)
           result = function_to_be_decorated(any_number_of_arguments)
           return result

       return real_wrapper
   return pseudo_decorator

Now

@real_decorator(any_number_of_arguments)
def some_function(function_arguments):
        return "Any"

我猜你的问题是把参数传递给你的装饰师。这有点棘手，不简单。

下面是一个如何做到这一点的例子:

class MyDec(object):
    def __init__(self,flag):
        self.flag = flag
    def __call__(self, original_func):
        decorator_self = self
        def wrappee( *args, **kwargs):
            print 'in decorator before wrapee with flag ',decorator_self.flag
            original_func(*args,**kwargs)
            print 'in decorator after wrapee with flag ',decorator_self.flag
        return wrappee

@MyDec('foo de fa fa')
def bar(a,b,c):
    print 'in bar',a,b,c

bar('x','y','z')

打印:

in decorator before wrapee with flag  foo de fa fa
in bar x y z
in decorator after wrapee with flag  foo de fa fa

详见Bruce Eckel的文章。