我有一个由装饰器转移变量insurance_mode的问题。我将通过以下装饰器语句来实现:

@execute_complete_reservation(True)
def test_booking_gta_object(self):
    self.test_select_gta_object()

但不幸的是,这种说法并不管用。也许也许有更好的办法来解决这个问题。

def execute_complete_reservation(test_case,insurance_mode):
    def inner_function(self,*args,**kwargs):
        self.test_create_qsf_query()
        test_case(self,*args,**kwargs)
        self.test_select_room_option()
        if insurance_mode:
            self.test_accept_insurance_crosseling()
        else:
            self.test_decline_insurance_crosseling()
        self.test_configure_pax_details()
        self.test_configure_payer_details

    return inner_function

当前回答

我认为这里有一个工作的、现实世界的示例,其中包含最通用的用例的使用示例。


下面是函数的装饰器,它在进入和退出函数时输出log。

参数控制是否打印输入输出值,日志级别等。

import logging 
from functools import wraps


def log_in_out(logger=logging.get_logger(), is_print_input=True, is_print_output=True, is_method=True, log_level=logging.DEBUG):
    """
    @param logger-
    @param is_print_input- toggle printing input arguments
    @param is_print_output- toggle printing output values
    @param is_method- True for methods, False for functions. Makes "self" not printed in case of is_print_input==True
    @param log_level-

    @returns- a decorator that logs to logger when entering or exiting the decorated function.
    Don't uglify your code!
    """

    def decor(fn):
        @wraps(fn)
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            if is_print_input:
                logger.log(
                    msg=f"Entered {fn.__name__} with args={args[1:] if is_method else args}, kwargs={kwargs}",
                    level=log_level
                )
            else:
                logger.log(
                    msg=f"Entered {fn.__name__}",
                    level=log_level
                )

            result = fn(*args, **kwargs)

            if is_print_output and result is not None:
                logger.log(
                    msg=f"Exited {fn.__name__} with result {result}",
                    level=log_level,
                )
            else:
                logger.log(
                    msg=f"Exited {fn.__name__}",
                    level=log_level
                )

            return result

        return wrapper

    return decor

用法:

 @log_in_out(is_method=False, is_print_input=False)
    def foo(a, b=5):
        return 3, a

Foo(2)—>打印

输入foo 输出结果为(3,2)的foo

    class A():
        @log_in_out(is_print_output=False)
        def bar(self, c, m, y):
            return c, 6

a = () A.bar (1,2, y=3)—>打印

输入bar with args=(1, 2), kwargs={y:3} 离开酒吧

其他回答

例如,我在下面创建了multiply(),它可以接受一个参数或不接受参数,也可以不接受装饰器的括号,我在下面创建了sum():

from numbers import Number

def multiply(num=1):
    def _multiply(func):
        def core(*args, **kwargs):
            result = func(*args, **kwargs)
            if isinstance(num, Number):
                return result * num
            else:
                return result
        return core
    if callable(num):
        return _multiply(num)
    else:
        return _multiply

def sum(num1, num2):
    return num1 + num2

现在,我把@multiply(5)放在sum()上,然后调用sum(4,6),如下所示:

# (4 + 6) x 5 = 50

@multiply(5) # Here
def sum(num1, num2):
    return num1 + num2

result = sum(4, 6)
print(result)

那么,我可以得到如下结果:

50

接下来,我把@multiply()放在sum()上,然后调用sum(4,6),如下所示:

# (4 + 6) x 1 = 10

@multiply() # Here
def sum(num1, num2):
    return num1 + num2
    
result = sum(4, 6)
print(result)

或者,我把@multiply放在sum()上,然后调用sum(4,6),如下所示:

# 4 + 6 = 10

@multiply # Here
def sum(num1, num2):
    return num1 + num2
    
result = sum(4, 6)
print(result)

那么,我可以得到如下结果:

10

在我的实例中,我决定通过一行lambda来解决这个问题,以创建一个新的decorator函数:

def finished_message(function, message="Finished!"):

    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        output = function(*args,**kwargs)
        print(message)
        return output

    return wrapper

@finished_message
def func():
    pass

my_finished_message = lambda f: finished_message(f, "All Done!")

@my_finished_message
def my_func():
    pass

if __name__ == '__main__':
    func()
    my_func()

执行时,输出:

Finished!
All Done!

也许不像其他解决方案那样可扩展,但对我来说是可行的。

编写一个带参数和不带参数的装饰器是一个挑战,因为Python在这两种情况下期望完全不同的行为!许多答案都试图解决这个问题,下面是@norok2对答案的改进。具体来说,这种变化消除了locals()的使用。

下面是@norok2给出的相同示例:

import functools

def multiplying(f_py=None, factor=1):
    assert callable(f_py) or f_py is None
    def _decorator(func):
        @functools.wraps(func)
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            return factor * func(*args, **kwargs)
        return wrapper
    return _decorator(f_py) if callable(f_py) else _decorator


@multiplying
def summing(x): return sum(x)

print(summing(range(10)))
# 45


@multiplying()
def summing(x): return sum(x)

print(summing(range(10)))
# 45


@multiplying(factor=10)
def summing(x): return sum(x)

print(summing(range(10)))
# 450

玩一下这段代码。

问题是用户必须提供键、值对的参数,而不是位置参数,并且第一个参数是保留的。

上面的回答很棒。这个例子还演示了@wraps,它从原始函数中获取文档字符串和函数名,并将其应用于新的包装版本:

from functools import wraps

def decorator_func_with_args(arg1, arg2):
    def decorator(f):
        @wraps(f)
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            print("Before orginal function with decorator args:", arg1, arg2)
            result = f(*args, **kwargs)
            print("Ran after the orginal function")
            return result
        return wrapper
    return decorator

@decorator_func_with_args("foo", "bar")
def hello(name):
    """A function which prints a greeting to the name provided.
    """
    print('hello ', name)
    return 42

print("Starting script..")
x = hello('Bob')
print("The value of x is:", x)
print("The wrapped functions docstring is:", hello.__doc__)
print("The wrapped functions name is:", hello.__name__)

打印:

Starting script..
Before orginal function with decorator args: foo bar
hello  Bob
Ran after the orginal function
The value of x is: 42
The wrapped functions docstring is: A function which prints a greeting to the name provided.
The wrapped functions name is: hello

带参数的装饰器应该返回一个函数,该函数将接受一个函数,并返回另一个函数

def decorator_factory(argument):
    def decorator(function):
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            """
                add somhting
            """
            return  function(*args, **kwargs)
        return wrapper
    return decorator

或者你可以使用functools模块的部分

def decorator(function =None,*,argument ):
        if function is None :
            return partial(decorator,argument=argument)
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            """
                add somhting
            """
            return  function(*args, **kwargs)
        return wrapper

在第二个选项中,确保你像这样传递参数:

@decorator(argument = 'args')
def func():
    pass