更自然的方法是使用词典理解

keys = ('name', 'age', 'food')
values = ('Monty', 42, 'spam')    
dict = {keys[i]: values[i] for i in range(len(keys))}

2018-04-18

最佳解决方案仍然是：

In [92]: keys = ('name', 'age', 'food')
...: values = ('Monty', 42, 'spam')
...: 

In [93]: dt = dict(zip(keys, values))
In [94]: dt
Out[94]: {'age': 42, 'food': 'spam', 'name': 'Monty'}

转换它：

    lst = [('name', 'Monty'), ('age', 42), ('food', 'spam')]
    keys, values = zip(*lst)
    In [101]: keys
    Out[101]: ('name', 'age', 'food')
    In [102]: values
    Out[102]: ('Monty', 42, 'spam')

对于那些需要简单代码但不熟悉zip的人：

List1 = ['This', 'is', 'a', 'list']
List2 = ['Put', 'this', 'into', 'dictionary']

这可以通过一行代码完成：

d = {List1[n]: List2[n] for n in range(len(List1))}

试试看：

>>> import itertools
>>> keys = ('name', 'age', 'food')
>>> values = ('Monty', 42, 'spam')
>>> adict = dict(itertools.izip(keys,values))
>>> adict
{'food': 'spam', 'age': 42, 'name': 'Monty'}

在Python2中，与zip相比，它的内存消耗也更经济。

如果在创建字典之前需要转换键或值，那么可以使用生成器表达式。例子：

>>> adict = dict((str(k), v) for k, v in zip(['a', 1, 'b'], [2, 'c', 3])) 

看一看《像蟒蛇一样的代码：惯用Python》。

import pprint

p = ['A', 'B', 'C']
q = [5, 2, 7]
r = ["M", "F", "M"]
s = ['Sovabazaar','Shyambazaar','Bagbazaar','Hatkhola']


def makeDictUsingAlternateLists1(**rest):
    print("*rest.keys() : ",*rest.keys())
    print("rest.keys() : ",rest.keys())
    print("*rest.values() : ",*rest.values())
    print("**rest.keys() : ",rest.keys())
    print("**rest.values() : ",rest.values())
    [print(a) for a in zip(*rest.values())]
    
    [ print(dict(zip(rest.keys(),a))) for a in zip(*rest.values())]
    print("...")
    
    
    finalRes= [ dict( zip( rest.keys(),a))  for a in zip(*rest.values())] 
    return finalRes
    
l = makeDictUsingAlternateLists1(p=p,q=q,r=r,s=s)
pprint.pprint(l)    
"""
*rest.keys() :  p q r s
rest.keys() :  dict_keys(['p', 'q', 'r', 's'])
*rest.values() :  ['A', 'B', 'C'] [5, 2, 7] ['M', 'F', 'M'] ['Sovabazaar', 'Shyambazaar', 'Bagbazaar', 'Hatkhola']
**rest.keys() :  dict_keys(['p', 'q', 'r', 's'])
**rest.values() :  dict_values([['A', 'B', 'C'], [5, 2, 7], ['M', 'F', 'M'], ['Sovabazaar', 'Shyambazaar', 'Bagbazaar', 'Hatkhola']])
('A', 5, 'M', 'Sovabazaar')
('B', 2, 'F', 'Shyambazaar')
('C', 7, 'M', 'Bagbazaar')
{'p': 'A', 'q': 5, 'r': 'M', 's': 'Sovabazaar'}
{'p': 'B', 'q': 2, 'r': 'F', 's': 'Shyambazaar'}
{'p': 'C', 'q': 7, 'r': 'M', 's': 'Bagbazaar'}
...
[{'p': 'A', 'q': 5, 'r': 'M', 's': 'Sovabazaar'},
 {'p': 'B', 'q': 2, 'r': 'F', 's': 'Shyambazaar'},
 {'p': 'C', 'q': 7, 'r': 'M', 's': 'Bagbazaar'}]
 
"""