您可以使用以下代码：

dict(zip(['name', 'age', 'food'], ['Monty', 42, 'spam']))

但请确保列表的长度相同。如果长度不相同，请使用zip函数来切换较长的列表。

这里还有一个在字典中添加列表值的示例

list1 = ["Name", "Surname", "Age"]
list2 = [["Cyd", "JEDD", "JESS"], ["DEY", "AUDIJE", "PONGARON"], [21, 32, 47]]
dic = dict(zip(list1, list2))
print(dic)

始终确保“Key”（列表1）始终位于第一个参数中。

{'Name': ['Cyd', 'JEDD', 'JESS'], 'Surname': ['DEY', 'AUDIJE', 'PONGARON'], 'Age': [21, 32, 47]}

试试看：

>>> import itertools
>>> keys = ('name', 'age', 'food')
>>> values = ('Monty', 42, 'spam')
>>> adict = dict(itertools.izip(keys,values))
>>> adict
{'food': 'spam', 'age': 42, 'name': 'Monty'}

在Python2中，与zip相比，它的内存消耗也更经济。

import pprint

p = ['A', 'B', 'C']
q = [5, 2, 7]
r = ["M", "F", "M"]
s = ['Sovabazaar','Shyambazaar','Bagbazaar','Hatkhola']


def makeDictUsingAlternateLists1(**rest):
    print("*rest.keys() : ",*rest.keys())
    print("rest.keys() : ",rest.keys())
    print("*rest.values() : ",*rest.values())
    print("**rest.keys() : ",rest.keys())
    print("**rest.values() : ",rest.values())
    [print(a) for a in zip(*rest.values())]
    
    [ print(dict(zip(rest.keys(),a))) for a in zip(*rest.values())]
    print("...")
    
    
    finalRes= [ dict( zip( rest.keys(),a))  for a in zip(*rest.values())] 
    return finalRes
    
l = makeDictUsingAlternateLists1(p=p,q=q,r=r,s=s)
pprint.pprint(l)    
"""
*rest.keys() :  p q r s
rest.keys() :  dict_keys(['p', 'q', 'r', 's'])
*rest.values() :  ['A', 'B', 'C'] [5, 2, 7] ['M', 'F', 'M'] ['Sovabazaar', 'Shyambazaar', 'Bagbazaar', 'Hatkhola']
**rest.keys() :  dict_keys(['p', 'q', 'r', 's'])
**rest.values() :  dict_values([['A', 'B', 'C'], [5, 2, 7], ['M', 'F', 'M'], ['Sovabazaar', 'Shyambazaar', 'Bagbazaar', 'Hatkhola']])
('A', 5, 'M', 'Sovabazaar')
('B', 2, 'F', 'Shyambazaar')
('C', 7, 'M', 'Bagbazaar')
{'p': 'A', 'q': 5, 'r': 'M', 's': 'Sovabazaar'}
{'p': 'B', 'q': 2, 'r': 'F', 's': 'Shyambazaar'}
{'p': 'C', 'q': 7, 'r': 'M', 's': 'Bagbazaar'}
...
[{'p': 'A', 'q': 5, 'r': 'M', 's': 'Sovabazaar'},
 {'p': 'B', 'q': 2, 'r': 'F', 's': 'Shyambazaar'},
 {'p': 'C', 'q': 7, 'r': 'M', 's': 'Bagbazaar'}]
 
"""

keys = ['name', 'age', 'food']
values = ['Monty', 42, 'spam']
dic = {}
c = 0
for i in keys:
    dic[i] = values[c]
    c += 1

print(dic)
{'name': 'Monty', 'age': 42, 'food': 'spam'}

更自然的方法是使用词典理解

keys = ('name', 'age', 'food')
values = ('Monty', 42, 'spam')    
dict = {keys[i]: values[i] for i in range(len(keys))}