所以我们在项目中有这个巨大的mainmodule.cpp源文件(11000行很大吗?)，每次我不得不触摸它时，我都会畏缩。
由于这个文件是如此的核心和大，它不断积累越来越多的代码，我想不出一个好方法来让它实际上开始缩小。
该文件在我们产品的几个(> 10)维护版本中被使用和积极更改，因此很难重构它。如果我“简单地”将其拆分为3个文件，那么从维护版本合并回更改将成为一场噩梦。而且，如果您拆分具有如此长而丰富历史的文件，跟踪和检查SCC历史中的旧更改突然变得非常困难。
这个文件基本上包含了我们程序的“主类”(主要的内部工作调度和协调)，所以每次添加一个特性，它也会影响这个文件，每次它的增长。：-(
在这种情况下你会怎么做?关于如何在不打乱SCC工作流程的情况下将新特性移动到单独的源文件中，您有什么想法吗?
(注意:我们使用c++和Visual Studio;我们使用AccuRev作为SCC，但我认为SCC的类型在这里并不重要;我们使用Araxis Merge来做实际的文件比较和合并)
当前回答
这是一个困难而有趣的重构。
首先，将实现与接口分离。将这个巨大的文件转换为一个只转发调用和参数的空shell。这样，你可以创建责任有限的组件，而不会影响任何调用者(他们仍然调用巨大的文件/模块/类)。
为了做到这一点，您还需要寻找新的潜在组件的创建时间。根据构造函数的发送方式，在拥有所有参数之前，对参数进行堆叠可能非常棘手。
然后，您可以查找调用者并让他们调用您的组件。这是简单的部分。
其他回答
我不知道这是否解决了您的问题，但我猜您想要做的是将文件的内容迁移到彼此独立的更小的文件中(合计)。 我还了解到，你有大约10个不同版本的软件，你需要在不搞砸的情况下支持它们。
首先，这是不可能的简单，将解决自己在几分钟的头脑风暴。文件中链接的函数对应用程序都非常重要，简单地将它们删除并迁移到其他文件中并不能解决问题。
我认为你只有这些选择:
Don't migrate and stay with what you have. Possibly quit your job and start working on serious software with good design in addition. Extreme programming is not always the best solution if you are working on a long time project with enough funds to survive a crash or two. Work out a layout of how you would love your file to look once it's split up. Create the necessary files and integrate them in your application. Rename the functions or overload them to take an additional parameter (maybe just a simple boolean?). Once you have to work on your code, migrate the functions you need to work on to the new file and map the function calls of the old functions to the new functions. You should still have your main-file this way, and still be able to see the changes that were made to it, once it comes to a specific function you know exactly when it was outsourced and so on. Try to convince your co-workers with some good cake that workflow is overrated and that you need to rewrite some parts of the application in order to do serious business.
哇，听起来不错。我认为向你的老板解释，你需要很多时间来重构这头野兽值得一试。如果他不同意，你可以选择辞职。
Anyway, what I suggest is basically throwing out all the implementation and regrouping it into new modules, let's call those "global services". The "main module" would only forward to those services and ANY new code you write will use them instead of the "main module". This should be feasible in a reasonable amount of time (because it's mostly copy and paste), you don't break existing code and you can do it one maintenance version at a time. And if you still have any time left, you can spend it refactoring all old depending modules to also use the global services.
我发现有一件事很有用(我现在正在做，尽管没有达到你所面临的规模)，那就是将方法提取为类(方法对象重构)。不同版本中不同的方法将成为不同的类，这些类可以被注入到公共库中，以提供您所需的不同行为。
让我猜猜:10个拥有不同功能集的客户和一个提倡“定制化”的销售经理?我以前做过这样的产品。我们遇到了同样的问题。
您认识到拥有一个巨大的文件是很麻烦的，但更麻烦的是您必须保持10个版本的“最新”。这是多重维护。SCC可以使这更容易，但它不能使它正确。
Before you try to break the file into parts, you need to bring the ten branches back in sync with each other so that you can see and shape all the code at once. You can do this one branch at a time, testing both branches against the same main code file. To enforce the custom behavior, you can use #ifdef and friends, but it's better as much as possible to use ordinary if/else against defined constants. This way, your compiler will verify all types and most probably eliminate "dead" object code anyway. (You may want to turn off the warning about dead code, though.)
一旦所有分支隐式地共享了该文件的一个版本，那么就更容易开始使用传统的重构方法。
#ifdefs主要适用于受影响的代码只在其他分支自定义上下文中有意义的部分。有人可能会说，这也为相同的分支合并方案提供了机会，但不要太疯狂。一次只做一个大项目。
In the short run, the file will appear to grow. This is OK. What you're doing is bringing things together that need to be together. Afterwards, you'll begin to see areas that are clearly the same regardless of version; these can be left alone or refactored at will. Other areas will clearly differ depending on the version. You have a number of options in this case. One method is to delegate the differences to per-version strategy objects. Another is to derive client versions from a common abstract class. But none of these transformations are possible as long as you have ten "tips" of development in different branches.
我想在这种情况下我该做的就是咬紧牙关
Figure out how I wanted to split the file up (based on the current development version) Put an administrative lock on the file ("Nobody touch mainmodule.cpp after 5pm Friday!!!" Spend your long weekend applying that change to the >10 maintenance versions (from oldest to newest), up to and including the current version. Delete mainmodule.cpp from all supported versions of the software. It's a new Age - there is no more mainmodule.cpp. Convince Management that you shouldn't be supporting more than one maintenance version of the software (at least without a big $$$ support contract). If each of your customers have their own unique version.... yeeeeeshhhh. I'd be adding compiler directives rather than trying to maintain 10+ forks.
跟踪文件的旧更改简单地通过您的第一个签入注释来解决，例如“从mainmodule.cpp分离”。如果你需要回顾最近的东西，大多数人会记得这个变化，如果是2年后，评论会告诉他们从哪里看。当然，回溯到2年前，看看是谁修改了代码以及为什么修改代码，这有多大价值呢?
