有很多好的答案，但我创建了一个模板标题，我使用它是相当简洁和易于使用。

要在类中添加迭代器，只需要编写一个小类，用7个小函数来表示迭代器的状态，其中2个是可选的:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include "iterator_tpl.h"

struct myClass {
  std::vector<float> vec;

  // Add some sane typedefs for STL compliance:
  STL_TYPEDEFS(float);

  struct it_state {
    int pos;
    inline void begin(const myClass* ref) { pos = 0; }
    inline void next(const myClass* ref) { ++pos; }
    inline void end(const myClass* ref) { pos = ref->vec.size(); }
    inline float& get(myClass* ref) { return ref->vec[pos]; }
    inline bool equals(const it_state& s) const { return pos == s.pos; }

    // Optional to allow operator--() and reverse iterators:
    inline void prev(const myClass* ref) { --pos; }
    // Optional to allow `const_iterator`:
    inline const float& get(const myClass* ref) const { return ref->vec[pos]; }
  };
  // Declare typedef ... iterator;, begin() and end() functions:
  SETUP_ITERATORS(myClass, float&, it_state);
  // Declare typedef ... reverse_iterator;, rbegin() and rend() functions:
  SETUP_REVERSE_ITERATORS(myClass, float&, it_state);
};

然后你可以像使用STL迭代器一样使用它:

int main() {
  myClass c1;
  c1.vec.push_back(1.0);
  c1.vec.push_back(2.0);
  c1.vec.push_back(3.0);

  std::cout << "iterator:" << std::endl;
  for (float& val : c1) {
    std::cout << val << " "; // 1.0 2.0 3.0
  }
  
  std::cout << "reverse iterator:" << std::endl;
  for (auto it = c1.rbegin(); it != c1.rend(); ++it) {
    std::cout << *it << " "; // 3.0 2.0 1.0
  }
}

我希望这能有所帮助。

他们经常忘记iterator必须转换为const_iterator，而不是相反。这里有一个方法:

template<class T, class Tag = void>
class IntrusiveSlistIterator
   : public std::iterator<std::forward_iterator_tag, T>
{
    typedef SlistNode<Tag> Node;
    Node* node_;

public:
    IntrusiveSlistIterator(Node* node);

    T& operator*() const;
    T* operator->() const;

    IntrusiveSlistIterator& operator++();
    IntrusiveSlistIterator operator++(int);

    friend bool operator==(IntrusiveSlistIterator a, IntrusiveSlistIterator b);
    friend bool operator!=(IntrusiveSlistIterator a, IntrusiveSlistIterator b);

    // one way conversion: iterator -> const_iterator
    operator IntrusiveSlistIterator<T const, Tag>() const;
};

在上面注意如何将IntrusiveSlistIterator<T>转换为IntrusiveSlistIterator<T const>。如果T已经是const，则此转换永远不会被使用。

检查下面的代码，它工作

#define MAX_BYTE_RANGE 255

template <typename T>
class string
{
public:
    typedef char *pointer;
    typedef const char *const_pointer;
    typedef __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<pointer, string> iterator;
    typedef __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const_pointer, string> const_iterator;

    string() : length(0)
    {
    }
    size_t size() const
    {
        return length;
    }
    void operator=(const_pointer value)
    {
        if (value == nullptr)
            throw std::invalid_argument("value cannot be null");
        auto count = strlen(value);
        if (count > 0)
            _M_copy(value, count);
    }
    void operator=(const string &value)
    {
        if (value.length != 0)
            _M_copy(value.buf, value.length);
    }
    iterator begin()
    {
        return iterator(buf);
    }
    iterator end()
    {
        return iterator(buf + length);
    }
    const_iterator begin() const
    {
        return const_iterator(buf);
    }
    const_iterator end() const
    {
        return const_iterator(buf + length);
    }
    const_pointer c_str() const
    {
        return buf;
    }
    ~string()
    {
    }

private:
    unsigned char length;
    T buf[MAX_BYTE_RANGE];

    void _M_copy(const_pointer value, size_t count)
    {
        memcpy(buf, value, count);
        length = count;
    }
};

Choose type of iterator which fits your container: input, output, forward etc. Use base iterator classes from standard library. For example, std::iterator with random_access_iterator_tag.These base classes define all type definitions required by STL and do other work. To avoid code duplication iterator class should be a template class and be parametrized by "value type", "pointer type", "reference type" or all of them (depends on implementation). For example: // iterator class is parametrized by pointer type template <typename PointerType> class MyIterator { // iterator class definition goes here }; typedef MyIterator<int*> iterator_type; typedef MyIterator<const int*> const_iterator_type; Notice iterator_type and const_iterator_type type definitions: they are types for your non-const and const iterators.

参见:标准库参考

EDIT: std::iterator自c++ 17起已弃用。请在这里查看相关讨论。

我将向您展示如何轻松地为自定义容器定义迭代器，但以防万一，我已经创建了一个c++11库，允许您轻松地为任何类型的容器(连续或不连续)创建具有自定义行为的自定义迭代器。

你可以在Github上找到它

下面是创建和使用自定义迭代器的简单步骤:

创建“自定义迭代器”类。 在“自定义容器”类中定义typedefs。 例如:typedef blRawIterator<类型>迭代器; 例如:typedef blRawIterator< const Type > const_iterator; 定义"begin"和"end"函数 例如:迭代器begin(){返回迭代器(&m_data[0]);}; 例如:const_iterator cbegin()const{return const_iterator(&m_data[0]);}; 我们完成了! !

最后，定义我们的自定义迭代器类:

注意:在定义自定义迭代器时，我们从标准迭代器类别派生，以让STL算法知道我们所创建的迭代器的类型。

在这个例子中，我定义了一个随机访问迭代器和一个反向随机访问迭代器:

//------------------------------------------------------------------- // Raw iterator with random access //------------------------------------------------------------------- template<typename blDataType> class blRawIterator { public: using iterator_category = std::random_access_iterator_tag; using value_type = blDataType; using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t; using pointer = blDataType*; using reference = blDataType&; public: blRawIterator(blDataType* ptr = nullptr){m_ptr = ptr;} blRawIterator(const blRawIterator<blDataType>& rawIterator) = default; ~blRawIterator(){} blRawIterator<blDataType>& operator=(const blRawIterator<blDataType>& rawIterator) = default; blRawIterator<blDataType>& operator=(blDataType* ptr){m_ptr = ptr;return (*this);} operator bool()const { if(m_ptr) return true; else return false; } bool operator==(const blRawIterator<blDataType>& rawIterator)const{return (m_ptr == rawIterator.getConstPtr());} bool operator!=(const blRawIterator<blDataType>& rawIterator)const{return (m_ptr != rawIterator.getConstPtr());} blRawIterator<blDataType>& operator+=(const difference_type& movement){m_ptr += movement;return (*this);} blRawIterator<blDataType>& operator-=(const difference_type& movement){m_ptr -= movement;return (*this);} blRawIterator<blDataType>& operator++(){++m_ptr;return (*this);} blRawIterator<blDataType>& operator--(){--m_ptr;return (*this);} blRawIterator<blDataType> operator++(int){auto temp(*this);++m_ptr;return temp;} blRawIterator<blDataType> operator--(int){auto temp(*this);--m_ptr;return temp;} blRawIterator<blDataType> operator+(const difference_type& movement){auto oldPtr = m_ptr;m_ptr+=movement;auto temp(*this);m_ptr = oldPtr;return temp;} blRawIterator<blDataType> operator-(const difference_type& movement){auto oldPtr = m_ptr;m_ptr-=movement;auto temp(*this);m_ptr = oldPtr;return temp;} difference_type operator-(const blRawIterator<blDataType>& rawIterator){return std::distance(rawIterator.getPtr(),this->getPtr());} blDataType& operator*(){return *m_ptr;} const blDataType& operator*()const{return *m_ptr;} blDataType* operator->(){return m_ptr;} blDataType* getPtr()const{return m_ptr;} const blDataType* getConstPtr()const{return m_ptr;} protected: blDataType* m_ptr; }; //------------------------------------------------------------------- //------------------------------------------------------------------- // Raw reverse iterator with random access //------------------------------------------------------------------- template<typename blDataType> class blRawReverseIterator : public blRawIterator<blDataType> { public: blRawReverseIterator(blDataType* ptr = nullptr):blRawIterator<blDataType>(ptr){} blRawReverseIterator(const blRawIterator<blDataType>& rawIterator){this->m_ptr = rawIterator.getPtr();} blRawReverseIterator(const blRawReverseIterator<blDataType>& rawReverseIterator) = default; ~blRawReverseIterator(){} blRawReverseIterator<blDataType>& operator=(const blRawReverseIterator<blDataType>& rawReverseIterator) = default; blRawReverseIterator<blDataType>& operator=(const blRawIterator<blDataType>& rawIterator){this->m_ptr = rawIterator.getPtr();return (*this);} blRawReverseIterator<blDataType>& operator=(blDataType* ptr){this->setPtr(ptr);return (*this);} blRawReverseIterator<blDataType>& operator+=(const difference_type& movement){this->m_ptr -= movement;return (*this);} blRawReverseIterator<blDataType>& operator-=(const difference_type& movement){this->m_ptr += movement;return (*this);} blRawReverseIterator<blDataType>& operator++(){--this->m_ptr;return (*this);} blRawReverseIterator<blDataType>& operator--(){++this->m_ptr;return (*this);} blRawReverseIterator<blDataType> operator++(int){auto temp(*this);--this->m_ptr;return temp;} blRawReverseIterator<blDataType> operator--(int){auto temp(*this);++this->m_ptr;return temp;} blRawReverseIterator<blDataType> operator+(const int& movement){auto oldPtr = this->m_ptr;this->m_ptr-=movement;auto temp(*this);this->m_ptr = oldPtr;return temp;} blRawReverseIterator<blDataType> operator-(const int& movement){auto oldPtr = this->m_ptr;this->m_ptr+=movement;auto temp(*this);this->m_ptr = oldPtr;return temp;} difference_type operator-(const blRawReverseIterator<blDataType>& rawReverseIterator){return std::distance(this->getPtr(),rawReverseIterator.getPtr());} blRawIterator<blDataType> base(){blRawIterator<blDataType> forwardIterator(this->m_ptr); ++forwardIterator; return forwardIterator;} }; //-------------------------------------------------------------------

现在在你的自定义容器类中:

template<typename blDataType>
class blCustomContainer
{
public: // The typedefs

    typedef blRawIterator<blDataType>              iterator;
    typedef blRawIterator<const blDataType>        const_iterator;

    typedef blRawReverseIterator<blDataType>       reverse_iterator;
    typedef blRawReverseIterator<const blDataType> const_reverse_iterator;

                            .
                            .
                            .

public:  // The begin/end functions

    iterator                                       begin(){return iterator(&m_data[0]);}
    iterator                                       end(){return iterator(&m_data[m_size]);}

    const_iterator                                 cbegin(){return const_iterator(&m_data[0]);}
    const_iterator                                 cend(){return const_iterator(&m_data[m_size]);}

    reverse_iterator                               rbegin(){return reverse_iterator(&m_data[m_size - 1]);}
    reverse_iterator                               rend(){return reverse_iterator(&m_data[-1]);}

    const_reverse_iterator                         crbegin(){return const_reverse_iterator(&m_data[m_size - 1]);}
    const_reverse_iterator                         crend(){return const_reverse_iterator(&m_data[-1]);}

                            .
                            .
                            .
    // This is the pointer to the
    // beginning of the data
    // This allows the container
    // to either "view" data owned
    // by other containers or to
    // own its own data
    // You would implement a "create"
    // method for owning the data
    // and a "wrap" method for viewing
    // data owned by other containers

    blDataType*                                    m_data;
};

我有兴趣知道这是如何正确的，但似乎工作作为一个滚动您自己的迭代器内部数据存储

template<typename T>
struct iterator_type
{
    using self_type             = iterator_type;
    using iterator_category     = std::random_access_iterator_tag;
    using difference_type       = std::ptrdiff_t;
    using value_type            = std::remove_cv_t<T>;
    using pointer               = T*;
    using reference             = T&;

    iterator_type( pointer ptr ) noexcept
        : _ptr{ ptr }
    {}

    reference operator*() noexcept { return *_ptr; }
    pointer operator->() noexcept { return _ptr; }

    self_type operator++() noexcept { ++_ptr; return *this; }
    self_type operator++(int) noexcept { self_type tmp = *this; ++_ptr; return tmp; }

    self_type operator--() noexcept { --_ptr; return *this; }
    self_type operator--(int) noexcept { self_type tmp = *this; --_ptr; return tmp; }

    bool operator==( const self_type &other ) const noexcept { return _ptr == other._ptr; }
    bool operator!=( const self_type &other ) const noexcept { return _ptr != other._ptr; }

private:
    pointer _ptr;
};


template<typename T>
using const_iterator_type = iterator_type<std::add_const_t<T>>;

然后我只是把这些添加到我的类，似乎工作如预期。

template<typename T>
class Container
{
public:
    using iterator               = iterator_type<T>;
    using const_iterator         = const_iterator_type<T>;
    using reverse_iterator       = std::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
    using const_reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>;

...

    iterator begin() { return _begin; }
    iterator end() { return _begin + _size; }

    const_iterator cbegin() const { return _begin; }
    const_iterator cend() const { return _begin + _size; }

    reverse_iterator rbegin() { return reverse_iterator(_begin + _size); }
    reverse_iterator rend() { return reverse_iterator(_begin); }

    const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const { return const_reverse_iterator(_begin + _size); }
    const_reverse_iterator crend() const { return const_reverse_iterator(_begin); }

private:
    T*         _begin;
    size_t     _size;
    size_t     _capacity;
};

唯一的事情是，使它与std::cbegin()， std::rcbegin()， std::cend()和std::rcend()函数，我必须扩展std命名空间:

namespace std
{
    template<typename T>
    typename Container<T>::const_iterator cbegin( Container<T> &c ) { return c.cbegin(); }

    template<typename T>
    typename Container<T>::const_iterator cend( Container<T> &c ) { return c.cend(); }

    template<typename T>
    typename Container<T>::const_reverse_iterator crbegin( Container<T> &c ) { return c.crbegin(); }

    template<typename T>
    typename Container<T>::const_reverse_iterator crend( Container<T> &c ) { return c.crend(); }
}