我将向您展示如何轻松地为自定义容器定义迭代器，但以防万一，我已经创建了一个c++11库，允许您轻松地为任何类型的容器(连续或不连续)创建具有自定义行为的自定义迭代器。

你可以在Github上找到它

下面是创建和使用自定义迭代器的简单步骤:

创建“自定义迭代器”类。 在“自定义容器”类中定义typedefs。 例如:typedef blRawIterator<类型>迭代器; 例如:typedef blRawIterator< const Type > const_iterator; 定义"begin"和"end"函数 例如:迭代器begin(){返回迭代器(&m_data[0]);}; 例如:const_iterator cbegin()const{return const_iterator(&m_data[0]);}; 我们完成了! !

最后，定义我们的自定义迭代器类:

注意:在定义自定义迭代器时，我们从标准迭代器类别派生，以让STL算法知道我们所创建的迭代器的类型。

在这个例子中，我定义了一个随机访问迭代器和一个反向随机访问迭代器:

//------------------------------------------------------------------- // Raw iterator with random access //------------------------------------------------------------------- template<typename blDataType> class blRawIterator { public: using iterator_category = std::random_access_iterator_tag; using value_type = blDataType; using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t; using pointer = blDataType*; using reference = blDataType&; public: blRawIterator(blDataType* ptr = nullptr){m_ptr = ptr;} blRawIterator(const blRawIterator<blDataType>& rawIterator) = default; ~blRawIterator(){} blRawIterator<blDataType>& operator=(const blRawIterator<blDataType>& rawIterator) = default; blRawIterator<blDataType>& operator=(blDataType* ptr){m_ptr = ptr;return (*this);} operator bool()const { if(m_ptr) return true; else return false; } bool operator==(const blRawIterator<blDataType>& rawIterator)const{return (m_ptr == rawIterator.getConstPtr());} bool operator!=(const blRawIterator<blDataType>& rawIterator)const{return (m_ptr != rawIterator.getConstPtr());} blRawIterator<blDataType>& operator+=(const difference_type& movement){m_ptr += movement;return (*this);} blRawIterator<blDataType>& operator-=(const difference_type& movement){m_ptr -= movement;return (*this);} blRawIterator<blDataType>& operator++(){++m_ptr;return (*this);} blRawIterator<blDataType>& operator--(){--m_ptr;return (*this);} blRawIterator<blDataType> operator++(int){auto temp(*this);++m_ptr;return temp;} blRawIterator<blDataType> operator--(int){auto temp(*this);--m_ptr;return temp;} blRawIterator<blDataType> operator+(const difference_type& movement){auto oldPtr = m_ptr;m_ptr+=movement;auto temp(*this);m_ptr = oldPtr;return temp;} blRawIterator<blDataType> operator-(const difference_type& movement){auto oldPtr = m_ptr;m_ptr-=movement;auto temp(*this);m_ptr = oldPtr;return temp;} difference_type operator-(const blRawIterator<blDataType>& rawIterator){return std::distance(rawIterator.getPtr(),this->getPtr());} blDataType& operator*(){return *m_ptr;} const blDataType& operator*()const{return *m_ptr;} blDataType* operator->(){return m_ptr;} blDataType* getPtr()const{return m_ptr;} const blDataType* getConstPtr()const{return m_ptr;} protected: blDataType* m_ptr; }; //------------------------------------------------------------------- //------------------------------------------------------------------- // Raw reverse iterator with random access //------------------------------------------------------------------- template<typename blDataType> class blRawReverseIterator : public blRawIterator<blDataType> { public: blRawReverseIterator(blDataType* ptr = nullptr):blRawIterator<blDataType>(ptr){} blRawReverseIterator(const blRawIterator<blDataType>& rawIterator){this->m_ptr = rawIterator.getPtr();} blRawReverseIterator(const blRawReverseIterator<blDataType>& rawReverseIterator) = default; ~blRawReverseIterator(){} blRawReverseIterator<blDataType>& operator=(const blRawReverseIterator<blDataType>& rawReverseIterator) = default; blRawReverseIterator<blDataType>& operator=(const blRawIterator<blDataType>& rawIterator){this->m_ptr = rawIterator.getPtr();return (*this);} blRawReverseIterator<blDataType>& operator=(blDataType* ptr){this->setPtr(ptr);return (*this);} blRawReverseIterator<blDataType>& operator+=(const difference_type& movement){this->m_ptr -= movement;return (*this);} blRawReverseIterator<blDataType>& operator-=(const difference_type& movement){this->m_ptr += movement;return (*this);} blRawReverseIterator<blDataType>& operator++(){--this->m_ptr;return (*this);} blRawReverseIterator<blDataType>& operator--(){++this->m_ptr;return (*this);} blRawReverseIterator<blDataType> operator++(int){auto temp(*this);--this->m_ptr;return temp;} blRawReverseIterator<blDataType> operator--(int){auto temp(*this);++this->m_ptr;return temp;} blRawReverseIterator<blDataType> operator+(const int& movement){auto oldPtr = this->m_ptr;this->m_ptr-=movement;auto temp(*this);this->m_ptr = oldPtr;return temp;} blRawReverseIterator<blDataType> operator-(const int& movement){auto oldPtr = this->m_ptr;this->m_ptr+=movement;auto temp(*this);this->m_ptr = oldPtr;return temp;} difference_type operator-(const blRawReverseIterator<blDataType>& rawReverseIterator){return std::distance(this->getPtr(),rawReverseIterator.getPtr());} blRawIterator<blDataType> base(){blRawIterator<blDataType> forwardIterator(this->m_ptr); ++forwardIterator; return forwardIterator;} }; //-------------------------------------------------------------------

现在在你的自定义容器类中:

template<typename blDataType>
class blCustomContainer
{
public: // The typedefs

    typedef blRawIterator<blDataType>              iterator;
    typedef blRawIterator<const blDataType>        const_iterator;

    typedef blRawReverseIterator<blDataType>       reverse_iterator;
    typedef blRawReverseIterator<const blDataType> const_reverse_iterator;

                            .
                            .
                            .

public:  // The begin/end functions

    iterator                                       begin(){return iterator(&m_data[0]);}
    iterator                                       end(){return iterator(&m_data[m_size]);}

    const_iterator                                 cbegin(){return const_iterator(&m_data[0]);}
    const_iterator                                 cend(){return const_iterator(&m_data[m_size]);}

    reverse_iterator                               rbegin(){return reverse_iterator(&m_data[m_size - 1]);}
    reverse_iterator                               rend(){return reverse_iterator(&m_data[-1]);}

    const_reverse_iterator                         crbegin(){return const_reverse_iterator(&m_data[m_size - 1]);}
    const_reverse_iterator                         crend(){return const_reverse_iterator(&m_data[-1]);}

                            .
                            .
                            .
    // This is the pointer to the
    // beginning of the data
    // This allows the container
    // to either "view" data owned
    // by other containers or to
    // own its own data
    // You would implement a "create"
    // method for owning the data
    // and a "wrap" method for viewing
    // data owned by other containers

    blDataType*                                    m_data;
};

检查下面的代码，它工作

#define MAX_BYTE_RANGE 255

template <typename T>
class string
{
public:
    typedef char *pointer;
    typedef const char *const_pointer;
    typedef __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<pointer, string> iterator;
    typedef __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const_pointer, string> const_iterator;

    string() : length(0)
    {
    }
    size_t size() const
    {
        return length;
    }
    void operator=(const_pointer value)
    {
        if (value == nullptr)
            throw std::invalid_argument("value cannot be null");
        auto count = strlen(value);
        if (count > 0)
            _M_copy(value, count);
    }
    void operator=(const string &value)
    {
        if (value.length != 0)
            _M_copy(value.buf, value.length);
    }
    iterator begin()
    {
        return iterator(buf);
    }
    iterator end()
    {
        return iterator(buf + length);
    }
    const_iterator begin() const
    {
        return const_iterator(buf);
    }
    const_iterator end() const
    {
        return const_iterator(buf + length);
    }
    const_pointer c_str() const
    {
        return buf;
    }
    ~string()
    {
    }

private:
    unsigned char length;
    T buf[MAX_BYTE_RANGE];

    void _M_copy(const_pointer value, size_t count)
    {
        memcpy(buf, value, count);
        length = count;
    }
};

Boost可以提供帮助:Boost。迭代器库。

更准确地说是本页:boost::iterator_adaptor。

非常有趣的是教程示例，它从头开始展示了一个自定义类型的完整实现。

template <class Value> class node_iter : public boost::iterator_adaptor< node_iter<Value> // Derived , Value* // Base , boost::use_default // Value , boost::forward_traversal_tag // CategoryOrTraversal > { private: struct enabler {}; // a private type avoids misuse public: node_iter() : node_iter::iterator_adaptor_(0) {} explicit node_iter(Value* p) : node_iter::iterator_adaptor_(p) {} // iterator convertible to const_iterator, not vice-versa template <class OtherValue> node_iter( node_iter<OtherValue> const& other , typename boost::enable_if< boost::is_convertible<OtherValue*,Value*> , enabler >::type = enabler() ) : node_iter::iterator_adaptor_(other.base()) {} private: friend class boost::iterator_core_access; void increment() { this->base_reference() = this->base()->next(); } };

正如前面提到的，要点是使用单个模板实现并对其进行类型定义。

他们经常忘记iterator必须转换为const_iterator，而不是相反。这里有一个方法:

template<class T, class Tag = void>
class IntrusiveSlistIterator
   : public std::iterator<std::forward_iterator_tag, T>
{
    typedef SlistNode<Tag> Node;
    Node* node_;

public:
    IntrusiveSlistIterator(Node* node);

    T& operator*() const;
    T* operator->() const;

    IntrusiveSlistIterator& operator++();
    IntrusiveSlistIterator operator++(int);

    friend bool operator==(IntrusiveSlistIterator a, IntrusiveSlistIterator b);
    friend bool operator!=(IntrusiveSlistIterator a, IntrusiveSlistIterator b);

    // one way conversion: iterator -> const_iterator
    operator IntrusiveSlistIterator<T const, Tag>() const;
};

在上面注意如何将IntrusiveSlistIterator<T>转换为IntrusiveSlistIterator<T const>。如果T已经是const，则此转换永远不会被使用。

我偶然看到这篇文章，很惊讶这里没有提到一个简单的方法。使用std::iterator所描述的指向值的指针显然是一种非常通用的方法。但是你可以用一些更简单的方法。当然，这是一种简单的方法，可能并不总是足够的，但如果是的话，我将它发布给下一个读者。

类中的底层类型很可能是一个STL容器，它已经为你定义了迭代器。如果是这样的话，你可以简单地使用他们定义的迭代器，而不需要创建自己的迭代器。

这里有一个例子:

class Foo {

  std::vector<int>::iterator begin() { return data.begin(); }
  std::vector<int>::iterator end() { return data.end(); }

  std::vector<int>::const_iterator begin() const { return data.begin(); }
  std::vector<int>::const_iterator end() const { return data.end(); }


private:
  std::vector<int> data

};

Choose type of iterator which fits your container: input, output, forward etc. Use base iterator classes from standard library. For example, std::iterator with random_access_iterator_tag.These base classes define all type definitions required by STL and do other work. To avoid code duplication iterator class should be a template class and be parametrized by "value type", "pointer type", "reference type" or all of them (depends on implementation). For example: // iterator class is parametrized by pointer type template <typename PointerType> class MyIterator { // iterator class definition goes here }; typedef MyIterator<int*> iterator_type; typedef MyIterator<const int*> const_iterator_type; Notice iterator_type and const_iterator_type type definitions: they are types for your non-const and const iterators.

参见:标准库参考

EDIT: std::iterator自c++ 17起已弃用。请在这里查看相关讨论。