我已经整理了一个完成这项工作的要点:https://gist.github.com/thiagoh/c24310b562d50a14f3e7602a82b4ef13

以下是你应该如何使用它:

import ExternalizedPromiseCreator from '../externalized-promise';

describe('ExternalizedPromise', () => {
  let fn: jest.Mock;
  let deferredFn: jest.Mock;
  let neverCalledFn: jest.Mock;
  beforeEach(() => {
    fn = jest.fn();
    deferredFn = jest.fn();
    neverCalledFn = jest.fn();
  });

  it('resolve should resolve the promise', done => {
    const externalizedPromise = ExternalizedPromiseCreator.create(() => fn());

    externalizedPromise
      .promise
      .then(() => deferredFn())
      .catch(() => neverCalledFn())
      .then(() => {
        expect(deferredFn).toHaveBeenCalled();
        expect(neverCalledFn).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
        done();
      });

    expect(fn).toHaveBeenCalled();
    expect(neverCalledFn).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
    expect(deferredFn).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

    externalizedPromise.resolve();
  });
  ...
});

这里的许多答案与本文最后一个示例类似。 我正在缓存多个promise, resolve()和reject()函数可以分配给任何变量或属性。因此，我能够使这段代码更加紧凑:

function defer(obj) {
    obj.promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        obj.resolve = resolve;
        obj.reject  = reject;
    });
}

下面是一个使用这个版本的defer()将一个FontFace加载承诺与另一个异步进程结合的简化示例:

function onDOMContentLoaded(evt) {
    let all = []; // array of Promises
    glob = {};    // global object used elsewhere
    defer(glob);
    all.push(glob.promise);
    // launch async process with callback = resolveGlob()

    const myFont = new FontFace("myFont", "url(myFont.woff2)");
    document.fonts.add(myFont);
    myFont.load();
    all.push[myFont];
    Promise.all(all).then(() => { runIt(); }, (v) => { alert(v); });
}
//...
function resolveGlob() {
    glob.resolve();
}
function runIt() {} // runs after all promises resolved 

更新:如果你想封装对象，有2个选择:

function defer(obj = {}) {
    obj.promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        obj.resolve = resolve;
        obj.reject  = reject;
    });
    return obj;
}
let deferred = defer();

and

class Deferred {
    constructor() {
        this.promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
            this.resolve = resolve;
            this.reject  = reject;
        });
    }
}
let deferred = new Deferred();

我喜欢@JonJaques的回答，但我想更进一步。

如果你绑定并捕获Deferred对象，那么它完全实现了Promise API，你可以将它视为Promise并等待它等等。

⚠️ Editor's Note: I don't recommend this kind of pattern anymore since at the time of writing, Promise.prototype.finally was not a thing yet, then it became a thing… This could happen to other methods so I recommend you augment the promise instance with resolve and reject functions instead: function createDeferredPromise() { let resolve let reject const promise = new Promise((thisResolve, thisReject) => { resolve = thisResolve reject = thisReject }) return Object.assign(promise, {resolve, reject}) } Go upvote someone else's answer.

class DeferredPromise { constructor() { this._promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => { // assign the resolve and reject functions to `this` // making them usable on the class instance this.resolve = resolve; this.reject = reject; }); // bind `then` and `catch` to implement the same interface as Promise this.then = this._promise.then.bind(this._promise); this.catch = this._promise.catch.bind(this._promise); this.finally = this._promise.finally.bind(this._promise); this[Symbol.toStringTag] = 'Promise'; } } const deferred = new DeferredPromise(); console.log('waiting 2 seconds...'); setTimeout(() => { deferred.resolve('whoa!'); }, 2000); async function someAsyncFunction() { const value = await deferred; console.log(value); } someAsyncFunction();

我为此写了一个小库。https://www.npmjs.com/package/@inf3rno/promise.exposed

我使用了别人写的工厂方法，但是我也重写了then, catch, finally方法，所以你也可以通过这些方法解决原来的承诺。

在没有外部执行人的情况下解决承诺:

const promise = Promise.exposed().then(console.log);
promise.resolve("This should show up in the console.");

从外部与执行器的setTimeout赛跑:

const promise = Promise.exposed(function (resolve, reject){
    setTimeout(function (){
        resolve("I almost fell asleep.")
    }, 100000);
}).then(console.log);

setTimeout(function (){
    promise.resolve("I don't want to wait that much.");
}, 100);

如果你不想污染全局命名空间，有一个无冲突模式:

const createExposedPromise = require("@inf3rno/promise.exposed/noConflict");
const promise = createExposedPromise().then(console.log);
promise.resolve("This should show up in the console.");

我正在使用一个辅助函数来创建我所谓的“扁平承诺”-

function flatPromise() {

    let resolve, reject;

    const promise = new Promise((res, rej) => {
      resolve = res;
      reject = rej;
    });

    return { promise, resolve, reject };
}

我是这样用的

function doSomethingAsync() {

    // Get your promise and callbacks
    const { resolve, reject, promise } = flatPromise();

    // Do something amazing...
    setTimeout(() => {
        resolve('done!');
    }, 500);

    // Pass your promise to the world
    return promise;

}

参见完整的工作示例-

function flatPromise() { let resolve, reject; const promise = new Promise((res, rej) => { resolve = res; reject = rej; }); return { promise, resolve, reject }; } function doSomethingAsync() { // Get your promise and callbacks const { resolve, reject, promise } = flatPromise(); // Do something amazing... setTimeout(() => { resolve('done!'); }, 500); // Pass your promise to the world return promise; } (async function run() { const result = await doSomethingAsync() .catch(err => console.error('rejected with', err)); console.log(result); })();

编辑: 我已经创建了一个名为flat-promise的NPM包，代码也可以在GitHub上获得。

helper方法可以减轻这种额外的开销，并给您同样的jQuery感觉。

function Deferred() {
    let resolve;
    let reject;
    const promise = new Promise((res, rej) => {
        resolve = res;
        reject = rej;
    });
    return { promise, resolve, reject };
}

用法是

const { promise, resolve, reject } = Deferred();
displayConfirmationDialog({
    confirm: resolve,
    cancel: reject
});
return promise;

它类似于jQuery

const dfd = $.Deferred();
displayConfirmationDialog({
    confirm: dfd.resolve,
    cancel: dfd.reject
});
return dfd.promise();

不过，在用例中，这种简单的本机语法就可以了

return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    displayConfirmationDialog({
        confirm: resolve,
        cancel: reject
    });
});