我喜欢Dirk的.ls.objects()脚本，但我总是眯着眼睛数大小列中的字符。所以我做了一些丑陋的hack，使它呈现出漂亮的格式大小:

.ls.objects <- function (pos = 1, pattern, order.by,
                        decreasing=FALSE, head=FALSE, n=5) {
    napply <- function(names, fn) sapply(names, function(x)
                                         fn(get(x, pos = pos)))
    names <- ls(pos = pos, pattern = pattern)
    obj.class <- napply(names, function(x) as.character(class(x))[1])
    obj.mode <- napply(names, mode)
    obj.type <- ifelse(is.na(obj.class), obj.mode, obj.class)
    obj.size <- napply(names, object.size)
    obj.prettysize <- sapply(obj.size, function(r) prettyNum(r, big.mark = ",") )
    obj.dim <- t(napply(names, function(x)
                        as.numeric(dim(x))[1:2]))
    vec <- is.na(obj.dim)[, 1] & (obj.type != "function")
    obj.dim[vec, 1] <- napply(names, length)[vec]
    out <- data.frame(obj.type, obj.size,obj.prettysize, obj.dim)
    names(out) <- c("Type", "Size", "PrettySize", "Rows", "Columns")
    if (!missing(order.by))
        out <- out[order(out[[order.by]], decreasing=decreasing), ]
        out <- out[c("Type", "PrettySize", "Rows", "Columns")]
        names(out) <- c("Type", "Size", "Rows", "Columns")
    if (head)
        out <- head(out, n)
    out
}

我喜欢Dirk的.ls.objects()脚本，但我总是眯着眼睛数大小列中的字符。所以我做了一些丑陋的hack，使它呈现出漂亮的格式大小:

.ls.objects <- function (pos = 1, pattern, order.by,
                        decreasing=FALSE, head=FALSE, n=5) {
    napply <- function(names, fn) sapply(names, function(x)
                                         fn(get(x, pos = pos)))
    names <- ls(pos = pos, pattern = pattern)
    obj.class <- napply(names, function(x) as.character(class(x))[1])
    obj.mode <- napply(names, mode)
    obj.type <- ifelse(is.na(obj.class), obj.mode, obj.class)
    obj.size <- napply(names, object.size)
    obj.prettysize <- sapply(obj.size, function(r) prettyNum(r, big.mark = ",") )
    obj.dim <- t(napply(names, function(x)
                        as.numeric(dim(x))[1:2]))
    vec <- is.na(obj.dim)[, 1] & (obj.type != "function")
    obj.dim[vec, 1] <- napply(names, length)[vec]
    out <- data.frame(obj.type, obj.size,obj.prettysize, obj.dim)
    names(out) <- c("Type", "Size", "PrettySize", "Rows", "Columns")
    if (!missing(order.by))
        out <- out[order(out[[order.by]], decreasing=decreasing), ]
        out <- out[c("Type", "PrettySize", "Rows", "Columns")]
        names(out) <- c("Type", "Size", "Rows", "Columns")
    if (head)
        out <- head(out, n)
    out
}

For both speed and memory purposes, when building a large data frame via some complex series of steps, I'll periodically flush it (the in-progress data set being built) to disk, appending to anything that came before, and then restart it. This way the intermediate steps are only working on smallish data frames (which is good as, e.g., rbind slows down considerably with larger objects). The entire data set can be read back in at the end of the process, when all the intermediate objects have been removed.

dfinal <- NULL
first <- TRUE
tempfile <- "dfinal_temp.csv"
for( i in bigloop ) {
    if( !i %% 10000 ) { 
        print( i, "; flushing to disk..." )
        write.table( dfinal, file=tempfile, append=!first, col.names=first )
        first <- FALSE
        dfinal <- NULL   # nuke it
    }

    # ... complex operations here that add data to 'dfinal' data frame  
}
print( "Loop done; flushing to disk and re-reading entire data set..." )
write.table( dfinal, file=tempfile, append=TRUE, col.names=FALSE )
dfinal <- read.table( tempfile )

当我在一个有很多中间步骤的大型项目中工作时，我会尽量减少对象的数量。而不是创建许多唯一的对象

Dataframe -> step1 -> step2 -> step3 -> result

raster->多pliedrast -> meanRastF -> sqrtRast -> resultRast

我使用临时对象，我称之为temp。

Dataframe -> temp -> temp -> temp -> result

这样就少了一些中间文件，多了一些概览。

raster  <- raster('file.tif')
temp <- raster * 10
temp <- mean(temp)
resultRast <- sqrt(temp)

为了节省更多内存，我可以在不再需要时简单地删除temp。

rm(temp)

如果我需要几个中间文件，我使用temp1, temp2, temp3。

对于测试，我使用test, test2，…

请注意这些数据。table包的tables()似乎是Dirk的.ls.objects()自定义函数的一个很好的替代品(在前面的回答中有详细说明)，尽管只是针对data.frames/tables，而不是矩阵，数组，列表。

我真的很欣赏上面的一些答案，遵循@hadley和@Dirk的建议，关闭R并发布源代码，使用命令行，我想出了一个非常适合我的解决方案。我必须处理数百个质谱仪，每个质谱仪占用大约20 Mb的内存，所以我使用了两个R脚本，如下所示:

首先是包装器:

#!/usr/bin/Rscript --vanilla --default-packages=utils

for(l in 1:length(fdir)) {

   for(k in 1:length(fds)) {
     system(paste("Rscript runConsensus.r", l, k))
   }
}

用这个脚本，我基本上控制我的主脚本做什么运行共识。r，然后写出输出的数据答案。这样，每次包装器调用脚本时，似乎会重新打开R并释放内存。

希望能有所帮助。