人们使用什么技巧来管理交互式R会话的可用内存?我使用下面的函数[基于Petr Pikal和David Hinds在2004年发布的r-help列表]来列出(和/或排序)最大的对象，并偶尔rm()其中一些对象。但到目前为止最有效的解决办法是……在64位Linux下运行，有充足的内存。
大家还有什么想分享的妙招吗?请每人寄一份。
# improved list of objects
.ls.objects <- function (pos = 1, pattern, order.by,
decreasing=FALSE, head=FALSE, n=5) {
napply <- function(names, fn) sapply(names, function(x)
fn(get(x, pos = pos)))
names <- ls(pos = pos, pattern = pattern)
obj.class <- napply(names, function(x) as.character(class(x))[1])
obj.mode <- napply(names, mode)
obj.type <- ifelse(is.na(obj.class), obj.mode, obj.class)
obj.size <- napply(names, object.size)
obj.dim <- t(napply(names, function(x)
as.numeric(dim(x))[1:2]))
vec <- is.na(obj.dim)[, 1] & (obj.type != "function")
obj.dim[vec, 1] <- napply(names, length)[vec]
out <- data.frame(obj.type, obj.size, obj.dim)
names(out) <- c("Type", "Size", "Rows", "Columns")
if (!missing(order.by))
out <- out[order(out[[order.by]], decreasing=decreasing), ]
if (head)
out <- head(out, n)
out
}
# shorthand
lsos <- function(..., n=10) {
.ls.objects(..., order.by="Size", decreasing=TRUE, head=TRUE, n=n)
}
For both speed and memory purposes, when building a large data frame via some complex series of steps, I'll periodically flush it (the in-progress data set being built) to disk, appending to anything that came before, and then restart it. This way the intermediate steps are only working on smallish data frames (which is good as, e.g., rbind slows down considerably with larger objects). The entire data set can be read back in at the end of the process, when all the intermediate objects have been removed.
dfinal <- NULL
first <- TRUE
tempfile <- "dfinal_temp.csv"
for( i in bigloop ) {
if( !i %% 10000 ) {
print( i, "; flushing to disk..." )
write.table( dfinal, file=tempfile, append=!first, col.names=first )
first <- FALSE
dfinal <- NULL # nuke it
}
# ... complex operations here that add data to 'dfinal' data frame
}
print( "Loop done; flushing to disk and re-reading entire data set..." )
write.table( dfinal, file=tempfile, append=TRUE, col.names=FALSE )
dfinal <- read.table( tempfile )
使用knitr和将脚本放在Rmd块中也可以获得一些好处。
我通常将代码划分为不同的块，并选择将检查点保存到缓存或RDS文件中
在那里，你可以设置一个块被保存到“缓存”，或者你可以决定运行或不运行一个特定的块。这样，在第一次运行时，你只能处理“第一部分”，而在另一次执行时，你只能选择“第二部分”，等等。
例子:
part1
```{r corpus, warning=FALSE, cache=TRUE, message=FALSE, eval=TRUE}
corpusTw <- corpus(twitter) # build the corpus
```
part2
```{r trigrams, warning=FALSE, cache=TRUE, message=FALSE, eval=FALSE}
dfmTw <- dfm(corpusTw, verbose=TRUE, removeTwitter=TRUE, ngrams=3)
```
作为一个副作用，这也可以让你在可重复性方面省去一些麻烦:)
基于@德克和@托尼的回答，我做了一个小小的更新。结果是在漂亮的大小值之前输出[1]，所以我取出了捕获。解决问题的输出:
.ls.objects <- function (pos = 1, pattern, order.by,
decreasing=FALSE, head=FALSE, n=5) {
napply <- function(names, fn) sapply(names, function(x)
fn(get(x, pos = pos)))
names <- ls(pos = pos, pattern = pattern)
obj.class <- napply(names, function(x) as.character(class(x))[1])
obj.mode <- napply(names, mode)
obj.type <- ifelse(is.na(obj.class), obj.mode, obj.class)
obj.prettysize <- napply(names, function(x) {
format(utils::object.size(x), units = "auto") })
obj.size <- napply(names, utils::object.size)
obj.dim <- t(napply(names, function(x)
as.numeric(dim(x))[1:2]))
vec <- is.na(obj.dim)[, 1] & (obj.type != "function")
obj.dim[vec, 1] <- napply(names, length)[vec]
out <- data.frame(obj.type, obj.size, obj.prettysize, obj.dim)
names(out) <- c("Type", "Size", "PrettySize", "Rows", "Columns")
if (!missing(order.by))
out <- out[order(out[[order.by]], decreasing=decreasing), ]
if (head)
out <- head(out, n)
return(out)
}
# shorthand
lsos <- function(..., n=10) {
.ls.objects(..., order.by="Size", decreasing=TRUE, head=TRUE, n=n)
}
lsos()
