我在推特上看到了这个，觉得德克的功能太棒了!根据JD Long的回答，为了方便用户阅读，我会这样做:

# improved list of objects
.ls.objects <- function (pos = 1, pattern, order.by,
                        decreasing=FALSE, head=FALSE, n=5) {
    napply <- function(names, fn) sapply(names, function(x)
                                         fn(get(x, pos = pos)))
    names <- ls(pos = pos, pattern = pattern)
    obj.class <- napply(names, function(x) as.character(class(x))[1])
    obj.mode <- napply(names, mode)
    obj.type <- ifelse(is.na(obj.class), obj.mode, obj.class)
    obj.prettysize <- napply(names, function(x) {
                           format(utils::object.size(x), units = "auto") })
    obj.size <- napply(names, object.size)
    obj.dim <- t(napply(names, function(x)
                        as.numeric(dim(x))[1:2]))
    vec <- is.na(obj.dim)[, 1] & (obj.type != "function")
    obj.dim[vec, 1] <- napply(names, length)[vec]
    out <- data.frame(obj.type, obj.size, obj.prettysize, obj.dim)
    names(out) <- c("Type", "Size", "PrettySize", "Length/Rows", "Columns")
    if (!missing(order.by))
        out <- out[order(out[[order.by]], decreasing=decreasing), ]
    if (head)
        out <- head(out, n)
    out
}
    
# shorthand
lsos <- function(..., n=10) {
    .ls.objects(..., order.by="Size", decreasing=TRUE, head=TRUE, n=n)
}

lsos()

结果如下:

                      Type   Size PrettySize Length/Rows Columns
pca.res                 PCA 790128   771.6 Kb          7      NA
DF               data.frame 271040   264.7 Kb        669      50
factor.AgeGender   factanal  12888    12.6 Kb         12      NA
dates            data.frame   9016     8.8 Kb        669       2
sd.                 numeric   3808     3.7 Kb         51      NA
napply             function   2256     2.2 Kb         NA      NA
lsos               function   1944     1.9 Kb         NA      NA
load               loadings   1768     1.7 Kb         12       2
ind.sup             integer    448  448 bytes        102      NA
x                 character     96   96 bytes          1      NA

注:我补充的主要部分是(再次改编自JD的回答):

obj.prettysize <- napply(names, function(x) {
                           print(object.size(x), units = "auto") })

基于@德克和@托尼的回答，我做了一个小小的更新。结果是在漂亮的大小值之前输出[1]，所以我取出了捕获。解决问题的输出:

.ls.objects <- function (pos = 1, pattern, order.by,
                     decreasing=FALSE, head=FALSE, n=5) {
napply <- function(names, fn) sapply(names, function(x)
    fn(get(x, pos = pos)))
names <- ls(pos = pos, pattern = pattern)
obj.class <- napply(names, function(x) as.character(class(x))[1])
obj.mode <- napply(names, mode)
obj.type <- ifelse(is.na(obj.class), obj.mode, obj.class)
obj.prettysize <- napply(names, function(x) {
    format(utils::object.size(x),  units = "auto") })
obj.size <- napply(names, utils::object.size)

obj.dim <- t(napply(names, function(x)
    as.numeric(dim(x))[1:2]))
vec <- is.na(obj.dim)[, 1] & (obj.type != "function")
obj.dim[vec, 1] <- napply(names, length)[vec]
out <- data.frame(obj.type, obj.size, obj.prettysize, obj.dim)
names(out) <- c("Type", "Size", "PrettySize", "Rows", "Columns")
if (!missing(order.by))
    out <- out[order(out[[order.by]], decreasing=decreasing), ]
if (head)
    out <- head(out, n)

return(out)
}

# shorthand
lsos <- function(..., n=10) {
    .ls.objects(..., order.by="Size", decreasing=TRUE, head=TRUE, n=n)
}

lsos()

使用knitr和将脚本放在Rmd块中也可以获得一些好处。

我通常将代码划分为不同的块，并选择将检查点保存到缓存或RDS文件中

在那里，你可以设置一个块被保存到“缓存”，或者你可以决定运行或不运行一个特定的块。这样，在第一次运行时，你只能处理“第一部分”，而在另一次执行时，你只能选择“第二部分”，等等。

例子:

part1
```{r corpus, warning=FALSE, cache=TRUE, message=FALSE, eval=TRUE}
corpusTw <- corpus(twitter)  # build the corpus
```
part2
```{r trigrams, warning=FALSE, cache=TRUE, message=FALSE, eval=FALSE}
dfmTw <- dfm(corpusTw, verbose=TRUE, removeTwitter=TRUE, ngrams=3)
```

作为一个副作用，这也可以让你在可重复性方面省去一些麻烦:)

I'm fortunate and my large data sets are saved by the instrument in "chunks" (subsets) of roughly 100 MB (32bit binary). Thus I can do pre-processing steps (deleting uninformative parts, downsampling) sequentially before fusing the data set. Calling gc () "by hand" can help if the size of the data get close to available memory. Sometimes a different algorithm needs much less memory. Sometimes there's a trade off between vectorization and memory use. compare: split & lapply vs. a for loop. For the sake of fast & easy data analysis, I often work first with a small random subset (sample ()) of the data. Once the data analysis script/.Rnw is finished data analysis code and the complete data go to the calculation server for over night / over weekend / ... calculation.

Unfortunately I did not have time to test it extensively but here is a memory tip that I have not seen before. For me the required memory was reduced with more than 50%. When you read stuff into R with for example read.csv they require a certain amount of memory. After this you can save them with save("Destinationfile",list=ls()) The next time you open R you can use load("Destinationfile") Now the memory usage might have decreased. It would be nice if anyone could confirm whether this produces similar results with a different dataset.

请注意这些数据。table包的tables()似乎是Dirk的.ls.objects()自定义函数的一个很好的替代品(在前面的回答中有详细说明)，尽管只是针对data.frames/tables，而不是矩阵，数组，列表。