没有<unk>(除了<unk>)和可以处理“陌生人”名称的形式,如那些有新闻,因为有些人会声称:

IFS= read -rd '' DIR < <([[ $BASH_SOURCE != */* ]] || cd "${BASH_SOURCE%/*}/" >&- && echo -n "$PWD")

使用“0”字母:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

echo "The script you are running has basename $( basename -- "$0"; ), dirname $( dirname -- "$0"; )";
echo "The present working directory is $( pwd; )";

使用 pwd 单独不会工作,如果您不从它包含的目录中运行脚本。

[matt@server1 ~]$ pwd
/home/matt
[matt@server1 ~]$ ./test2.sh
The script you are running has basename test2.sh, dirname .
The present working directory is /home/matt
[matt@server1 ~]$ cd /tmp
[matt@server1 tmp]$ ~/test2.sh
The script you are running has basename test2.sh, dirname /home/matt
The present working directory is /tmp

您可以使用 $BASH_SOURCE:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

scriptdir="$( dirname -- "$BASH_SOURCE"; )";

请注意,您需要使用 #!/bin/bash 而不是 #!/bin/sh 因为它是一个 Bash 扩展。

查看下面的测试与奇怪的目录名称。

要将工作目录更改为Bash脚本的位置,您应该尝试这个简单的,测试和验证的Shellcheck解决方案:

#!/bin/bash --
cd "$(dirname "${0}")"/. || exit 2

测试:

$ ls 
application
$ mkdir "$(printf "\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\10\11\12\13\14\15\16\17\20\21\22\23\24\25\26\27\30\31\32\33\34\35\36\37\40\41\42\43\44\45\46\47testdir" "")"
$ mv application *testdir
$ ln -s *testdir "$(printf "\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\10\11\12\13\14\15\16\17\20\21\22\23\24\25\26\27\30\31\32\33\34\35\36\37\40\41\42\43\44\45\46\47symlink" "")"
$ ls -lb
total 4
lrwxrwxrwx 1 jay stacko   46 Mar 30 20:44 \001\002\003\004\005\006\a\b\t\n\v\f\r\016\017\020\021\022\023\024\025\026\027\030\031\032\033\034\035\036\037\ !"#$%&'symlink -> \001\002\003\004\005\006\a\b\t\n\v\f\r\016\017\020\021\022\023\024\025\026\027\030\031\032\033\034\035\036\037\ !"#$%&'testdir
drwxr-xr-x 2 jay stacko 4096 Mar 30 20:44 \001\002\003\004\005\006\a\b\t\n\v\f\r\016\017\020\021\022\023\024\025\026\027\030\031\032\033\034\035\036\037\ !"#$%&'testdir
$ *testdir/application && printf "SUCCESS\n" ""
SUCCESS
$ *symlink/application && printf "SUCCESS\n" ""
SUCCESS

如果你的Bash脚本是一个同链接,那么这就是如何做到这一点:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

dirn="$(dirname "$0")"
rl="$(readlink "$0")";
exec_dir="$(dirname $(dirname "$rl"))";
my_path="$dirn/$exec_dir";
X="$(cd $(dirname ${my_path}) && pwd)/$(basename ${my_path})"

X 是包含您的 Bash 脚本的目录(原始文件,而不是同链接)。我向上帝发誓这项工作,这是我唯一知道如何正确地做到这一点。

总结:

FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT="$(realpath "${BASH_SOURCE[-1]}")"

# OR, if you do NOT need it to work for **sourced** scripts too:
# FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT="$(realpath "$0")"

# OR, depending on which path you want, in case of nested `source` calls
# FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT="$(realpath "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")"

# OR, add `-s` to NOT expand symlinks in the path:
# FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT="$(realpath -s "${BASH_SOURCE[-1]}")"

SCRIPT_DIRECTORY="$(dirname "$FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT")"
SCRIPT_FILENAME="$(basename "$FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT")"

细节:

在很多情况下,所有你需要获得的是你刚刚打电话的脚本的完整路径. 这可以很容易地通过 realpath 实现. 请注意, realpath 是 GNU 核心工具的一部分. 如果你没有它已经安装(它是默认的在 Ubuntu 上),你可以安装它与 sudo apt 更新 && sudo apt 安装核心工具。

#!/bin/bash

# A. Obtain the full path, and expand (walk down) symbolic links
# A.1. `"$0"` works only if the file is **run**, but NOT if it is **sourced**.
# FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT="$(realpath "$0")"
# A.2. `"${BASH_SOURCE[-1]}"` works whether the file is sourced OR run, and even
# if the script is called from within another bash function!
# NB: if `"${BASH_SOURCE[-1]}"` doesn't give you quite what you want, use
# `"${BASH_SOURCE[0]}"` instead in order to get the first element from the array.
FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT="$(realpath "${BASH_SOURCE[-1]}")"
# B.1. `"$0"` works only if the file is **run**, but NOT if it is **sourced**.
# FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT_KEEP_SYMLINKS="$(realpath -s "$0")"
# B.2. `"${BASH_SOURCE[-1]}"` works whether the file is sourced OR run, and even
# if the script is called from within another bash function!
# NB: if `"${BASH_SOURCE[-1]}"` doesn't give you quite what you want, use
# `"${BASH_SOURCE[0]}"` instead in order to get the first element from the array.
FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT_KEEP_SYMLINKS="$(realpath -s "${BASH_SOURCE[-1]}")"

# You can then also get the full path to the directory, and the base
# filename, like this:
SCRIPT_DIRECTORY="$(dirname "$FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT")"
SCRIPT_FILENAME="$(basename "$FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT")"

# Now print it all out
echo "FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT = \"$FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT\""
echo "SCRIPT_DIRECTORY    = \"$SCRIPT_DIRECTORY\""
echo "SCRIPT_FILENAME     = \"$SCRIPT_FILENAME\""

如果您在脚本中使用“$0”而不是“${BASH_SOURCE[-1]}”,则在运行脚本时,您将获得相同的输出,而不是在提取脚本时,您将获得此不需要的输出:

~/GS/dev/eRCaGuy_hello_world/bash$ . get_script_path.sh 
FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT               = "/bin/bash"
SCRIPT_DIRECTORY                  = "/bin"
SCRIPT_FILENAME                   = "bash"

路径与路径之间的区别:

请注意,直路也成功地走下象征性链接来确定并指向他们的目标,而不是指向象征性链接。 如果你不想要这种行为(有时我不),然后添加到上面的直路命令,使该线看起来像这样:

# Obtain the full path, but do NOT expand (walk down) symbolic links; in
# other words: **keep** the symlinks as part of the path!
FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT="$(realpath -s "${BASH_SOURCE[-1]}")"

参考:

[我的答案] Unix 和 Linux:确定路径到源头 Shell 脚本