我认为最简单的答案是原始变量的参数扩展:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

DIR="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" >/dev/null 2>&1 && pwd )"
echo "opt1; original answer: $DIR"
echo ''

echo "opt2; simple answer  : ${BASH_SOURCE[0]%/*}"

它应该产生产量如:

$ /var/tmp/test.sh
opt1; original answer: /var/tmp

opt2; simple answer  : /var/tmp

变量/参数扩展 ${BASH_SOURCE[0]%/*}”似乎更容易保持。

這是Linux的特點,但你可以使用:

SELF=$(readlink /proc/$$/fd/255)

基于这个答案,我建议一个明确的版本,获得SCRIPT_HOME作为包含任何目前运行的Bash脚本的文件夹:

s=${BASH_SOURCE[0]} ; s=`dirname $s` ; SCRIPT_HOME=`cd $s ; pwd`
echo $SCRIPT_HOME

下面是简单而正确的方式:

actual_path=$(readlink -f "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")
script_dir=$(dirname "$actual_path")

解释:

${BASH_SOURCE[0]} - 完整的路径到脚本. 这个值将是正确的,即使脚本是源,例如源 <(echo 'echo $0') 打印 bash,同时取代它为 ${BASH_SOURCE[0]} 将打印整个路径的脚本。

大多数答案都不会处理通过相对路径连接的文件,不是单线或不处理BSD(Mac)。

HERE=$(cd "$(dirname "$BASH_SOURCE")"; cd -P "$(dirname "$(readlink "$BASH_SOURCE" || echo .)")"; pwd)

首先, cd 到 bash 的概念的脚本的目录. 然后 readlink 文件,以查看它是否是一个 symlink (相对或其他), 如果是这样, cd 到该目录. 否则, cd 到当前目录(需要保持事物一个单线)。 然后 echo 当前目录通过 pwd。

你可以添加 - 到CD和阅读链接的论点,以避免名为选项的目录问题,但我不在乎大多数目的。

你可以看到完整的解释与图像在这里:

https://www.binaryphile.com/bash/2020/01/12/determining-the-location-of-your-script-in-bash.html

总结:

FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT="$(realpath "${BASH_SOURCE[-1]}")"

# OR, if you do NOT need it to work for **sourced** scripts too:
# FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT="$(realpath "$0")"

# OR, depending on which path you want, in case of nested `source` calls
# FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT="$(realpath "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")"

# OR, add `-s` to NOT expand symlinks in the path:
# FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT="$(realpath -s "${BASH_SOURCE[-1]}")"

SCRIPT_DIRECTORY="$(dirname "$FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT")"
SCRIPT_FILENAME="$(basename "$FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT")"

细节:

在很多情况下,所有你需要获得的是你刚刚打电话的脚本的完整路径. 这可以很容易地通过 realpath 实现. 请注意, realpath 是 GNU 核心工具的一部分. 如果你没有它已经安装(它是默认的在 Ubuntu 上),你可以安装它与 sudo apt 更新 && sudo apt 安装核心工具。

#!/bin/bash

# A. Obtain the full path, and expand (walk down) symbolic links
# A.1. `"$0"` works only if the file is **run**, but NOT if it is **sourced**.
# FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT="$(realpath "$0")"
# A.2. `"${BASH_SOURCE[-1]}"` works whether the file is sourced OR run, and even
# if the script is called from within another bash function!
# NB: if `"${BASH_SOURCE[-1]}"` doesn't give you quite what you want, use
# `"${BASH_SOURCE[0]}"` instead in order to get the first element from the array.
FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT="$(realpath "${BASH_SOURCE[-1]}")"
# B.1. `"$0"` works only if the file is **run**, but NOT if it is **sourced**.
# FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT_KEEP_SYMLINKS="$(realpath -s "$0")"
# B.2. `"${BASH_SOURCE[-1]}"` works whether the file is sourced OR run, and even
# if the script is called from within another bash function!
# NB: if `"${BASH_SOURCE[-1]}"` doesn't give you quite what you want, use
# `"${BASH_SOURCE[0]}"` instead in order to get the first element from the array.
FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT_KEEP_SYMLINKS="$(realpath -s "${BASH_SOURCE[-1]}")"

# You can then also get the full path to the directory, and the base
# filename, like this:
SCRIPT_DIRECTORY="$(dirname "$FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT")"
SCRIPT_FILENAME="$(basename "$FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT")"

# Now print it all out
echo "FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT = \"$FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT\""
echo "SCRIPT_DIRECTORY    = \"$SCRIPT_DIRECTORY\""
echo "SCRIPT_FILENAME     = \"$SCRIPT_FILENAME\""

如果您在脚本中使用“$0”而不是“${BASH_SOURCE[-1]}”,则在运行脚本时,您将获得相同的输出,而不是在提取脚本时,您将获得此不需要的输出:

~/GS/dev/eRCaGuy_hello_world/bash$ . get_script_path.sh 
FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT               = "/bin/bash"
SCRIPT_DIRECTORY                  = "/bin"
SCRIPT_FILENAME                   = "bash"

路径与路径之间的区别:

请注意,直路也成功地走下象征性链接来确定并指向他们的目标,而不是指向象征性链接。 如果你不想要这种行为(有时我不),然后添加到上面的直路命令,使该线看起来像这样:

# Obtain the full path, but do NOT expand (walk down) symbolic links; in
# other words: **keep** the symlinks as part of the path!
FULL_PATH_TO_SCRIPT="$(realpath -s "${BASH_SOURCE[-1]}")"

参考:

[我的答案] Unix 和 Linux:确定路径到源头 Shell 脚本