我想再举一个例子，说明没有排序的groupby是行不通的。改编自James Sulak的例子

from itertools import groupby

things = [("vehicle", "bear"), ("animal", "duck"), ("animal", "cactus"), ("vehicle", "speed boat"), ("vehicle", "school bus")]

for key, group in groupby(things, lambda x: x[0]):
    for thing in group:
        print "A %s is a %s." % (thing[1], key)
    print " "

输出是

A bear is a vehicle.

A duck is a animal.
A cactus is a animal.

A speed boat is a vehicle.
A school bus is a vehicle.

有两组有车辆，而我们只能期待一组

这个基本实现帮助我理解了这个函数。希望它也能帮助到其他人:

arr = [(1, "A"), (1, "B"), (1, "C"), (2, "D"), (2, "E"), (3, "F")]

for k,g in groupby(arr, lambda x: x[0]):
    print("--", k, "--")
    for tup in g:
        print(tup[1])  # tup[0] == k

-- 1 --
A
B
C
-- 2 --
D
E
-- 3 --
F

@CaptSolo，我试过你的例子，但没用。

from itertools import groupby 
[(c,len(list(cs))) for c,cs in groupby('Pedro Manoel')]

输出:

[('P', 1), ('e', 1), ('d', 1), ('r', 1), ('o', 1), (' ', 1), ('M', 1), ('a', 1), ('n', 1), ('o', 1), ('e', 1), ('l', 1)]

如你所见，有两个o和两个e，但它们被分成了不同的组。这时我意识到需要对传递给groupby函数的列表进行排序。所以，正确的用法是:

name = list('Pedro Manoel')
name.sort()
[(c,len(list(cs))) for c,cs in groupby(name)]

输出:

[(' ', 1), ('M', 1), ('P', 1), ('a', 1), ('d', 1), ('e', 2), ('l', 1), ('n', 1), ('o', 2), ('r', 1)]

记住，如果列表没有排序，groupby函数将不起作用!

我想再举一个例子，说明没有排序的groupby是行不通的。改编自James Sulak的例子

from itertools import groupby

things = [("vehicle", "bear"), ("animal", "duck"), ("animal", "cactus"), ("vehicle", "speed boat"), ("vehicle", "school bus")]

for key, group in groupby(things, lambda x: x[0]):
    for thing in group:
        print "A %s is a %s." % (thing[1], key)
    print " "

输出是

A bear is a vehicle.

A duck is a animal.
A cactus is a animal.

A speed boat is a vehicle.
A school bus is a vehicle.

有两组有车辆，而我们只能期待一组

我遇到的一个有用的例子可能会有帮助:

from itertools import groupby

#user input

myinput = input()

#creating empty list to store output

myoutput = []

for k,g in groupby(myinput):

    myoutput.append((len(list(g)),int(k)))

print(*myoutput)

示例输入:14445221

样本输出:(1,1)(3,4)(1,5)(2,2)(1,1)

Python文档中的示例非常简单:

groups = []
uniquekeys = []
for k, g in groupby(data, keyfunc):
    groups.append(list(g))      # Store group iterator as a list
    uniquekeys.append(k)

在你的例子中，data是一个节点列表，keyfunc是criteria函数的逻辑所在，然后groupby()对数据进行分组。

在调用groupby之前，必须小心地按照条件对数据进行排序，否则它将不起作用。Groupby方法实际上只是遍历一个列表，每当键改变时，它就创建一个新组。