我如何使用Python的itertools.groupby()?

您可以使用groupby来对迭代进行分组。你给groupby一个可迭代对象，和一个可选的键函数/可调用对象，用来检查从可迭代对象中取出的项，它返回一个迭代器，给出一个由可调用键的结果和另一个可迭代对象中的实际项组成的二元组。来自帮助:

groupby(iterable[, keyfunc]) -> create an iterator which returns
(key, sub-iterator) grouped by each value of key(value).

下面是groupby使用协程按计数分组的例子，它使用一个键可调用对象(在本例中是corroutine .send)来输出迭代次数的计数和元素的分组子迭代器:

import itertools


def grouper(iterable, n):
    def coroutine(n):
        yield # queue up coroutine
        for i in itertools.count():
            for j in range(n):
                yield i
    groups = coroutine(n)
    next(groups) # queue up coroutine

    for c, objs in itertools.groupby(iterable, groups.send):
        yield c, list(objs)
    # or instead of materializing a list of objs, just:
    # return itertools.groupby(iterable, groups.send)

list(grouper(range(10), 3))

打印

[(0, [0, 1, 2]), (1, [3, 4, 5]), (2, [6, 7, 8]), (3, [9])]

我如何使用Python的itertools.groupby()?

您可以使用groupby来对迭代进行分组。你给groupby一个可迭代对象，和一个可选的键函数/可调用对象，用来检查从可迭代对象中取出的项，它返回一个迭代器，给出一个由可调用键的结果和另一个可迭代对象中的实际项组成的二元组。来自帮助:

groupby(iterable[, keyfunc]) -> create an iterator which returns
(key, sub-iterator) grouped by each value of key(value).

下面是groupby使用协程按计数分组的例子，它使用一个键可调用对象(在本例中是corroutine .send)来输出迭代次数的计数和元素的分组子迭代器:

import itertools


def grouper(iterable, n):
    def coroutine(n):
        yield # queue up coroutine
        for i in itertools.count():
            for j in range(n):
                yield i
    groups = coroutine(n)
    next(groups) # queue up coroutine

    for c, objs in itertools.groupby(iterable, groups.send):
        yield c, list(objs)
    # or instead of materializing a list of objs, just:
    # return itertools.groupby(iterable, groups.send)

list(grouper(range(10), 3))

打印

[(0, [0, 1, 2]), (1, [3, 4, 5]), (2, [6, 7, 8]), (3, [9])]

另一个例子:

for key, igroup in itertools.groupby(xrange(12), lambda x: x // 5):
    print key, list(igroup)

结果

0 [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
1 [5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
2 [10, 11]

注意，igroup是一个迭代器(文档称之为子迭代器)。

这对于分块生成器很有用:

def chunker(items, chunk_size):
    '''Group items in chunks of chunk_size'''
    for _key, group in itertools.groupby(enumerate(items), lambda x: x[0] // chunk_size):
        yield (g[1] for g in group)

with open('file.txt') as fobj:
    for chunk in chunker(fobj):
        process(chunk)

groupby的另一个例子-当键没有排序时。在以下示例中，xx中的项按yy中的值进行分组。在这种情况下，首先输出一组0，然后是一组1，然后又是一组0。

xx = range(10)
yy = [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0]
for group in itertools.groupby(iter(xx), lambda x: yy[x]):
    print group[0], list(group[1])

生产:

0 [0, 1, 2]
1 [3, 4, 5]
0 [6, 7, 8, 9]

我遇到的一个有用的例子可能会有帮助:

from itertools import groupby

#user input

myinput = input()

#creating empty list to store output

myoutput = []

for k,g in groupby(myinput):

    myoutput.append((len(list(g)),int(k)))

print(*myoutput)

示例输入:14445221

样本输出:(1,1)(3,4)(1,5)(2,2)(1,1)

我想再举一个例子，说明没有排序的groupby是行不通的。改编自James Sulak的例子

from itertools import groupby

things = [("vehicle", "bear"), ("animal", "duck"), ("animal", "cactus"), ("vehicle", "speed boat"), ("vehicle", "school bus")]

for key, group in groupby(things, lambda x: x[0]):
    for thing in group:
        print "A %s is a %s." % (thing[1], key)
    print " "

输出是

A bear is a vehicle.

A duck is a animal.
A cactus is a animal.

A speed boat is a vehicle.
A school bus is a vehicle.

有两组有车辆，而我们只能期待一组

排序和分组

from itertools import groupby

val = [{'name': 'satyajit', 'address': 'btm', 'pin': 560076}, 
       {'name': 'Mukul', 'address': 'Silk board', 'pin': 560078},
       {'name': 'Preetam', 'address': 'btm', 'pin': 560076}]


for pin, list_data in groupby(sorted(val, key=lambda k: k['pin']),lambda x: x['pin']):
...     print pin
...     for rec in list_data:
...             print rec
... 
o/p:

560076
{'name': 'satyajit', 'pin': 560076, 'address': 'btm'}
{'name': 'Preetam', 'pin': 560076, 'address': 'btm'}
560078
{'name': 'Mukul', 'pin': 560078, 'address': 'Silk board'}