我有一些测试数据,想为每个项目创建一个单元测试。我的第一个想法是这样做的:
import unittest
l = [["foo", "a", "a",], ["bar", "a", "b"], ["lee", "b", "b"]]
class TestSequence(unittest.TestCase):
def testsample(self):
for name, a,b in l:
print "test", name
self.assertEqual(a,b)
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
这样做的缺点是它在一个测试中处理所有数据。我想在飞行中为每个项目生成一个测试。有什么建议吗?
import unittest
def generator(test_class, a, b):
def test(self):
self.assertEqual(a, b)
return test
def add_test_methods(test_class):
# The first element of list is variable "a", then variable "b", then name of test case that will be used as suffix.
test_list = [[2,3, 'one'], [5,5, 'two'], [0,0, 'three']]
for case in test_list:
test = generator(test_class, case[0], case[1])
setattr(test_class, "test_%s" % case[2], test)
class TestAuto(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
print 'Setup'
pass
def tearDown(self):
print 'TearDown'
pass
_add_test_methods(TestAuto) # It's better to start with underscore so it is not detected as a test itself
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main(verbosity=1)
结果:
>>>
Setup
FTearDown
Setup
TearDown
.Setup
TearDown
.
======================================================================
FAIL: test_one (__main__.TestAuto)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:/inchowar/Desktop/PyTrash/test_auto_3.py", line 5, in test
self.assertEqual(a, b)
AssertionError: 2 != 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 3 tests in 0.019s
FAILED (failures=1)
这可以通过使用pytest来完成。只需要编写test_me.py文件的内容:
import pytest
@pytest.mark.parametrize('name, left, right', [['foo', 'a', 'a'],
['bar', 'a', 'b'],
['baz', 'b', 'b']])
def test_me(name, left, right):
assert left == right, name
并使用py命令运行测试。Test——tb=短test_me.py。然后输出如下所示:
=========================== test session starts ============================
platform darwin -- Python 2.7.6 -- py-1.4.23 -- pytest-2.6.1
collected 3 items
test_me.py .F.
================================= FAILURES =================================
_____________________________ test_me[bar-a-b] _____________________________
test_me.py:8: in test_me
assert left == right, name
E AssertionError: bar
==================== 1 failed, 2 passed in 0.01 seconds ====================
这很简单!此外,pytest还有更多的功能,如fixture、标记、断言等。
从Python 3.4开始,已经为此目的向unittest引入了子测试。详细信息请参见文档。TestCase。subTest是一个上下文管理器,它允许在测试中隔离断言,以便用参数信息报告失败,但它不会停止测试执行。下面是文档中的例子:
class NumbersTest(unittest.TestCase):
def test_even(self):
"""
Test that numbers between 0 and 5 are all even.
"""
for i in range(0, 6):
with self.subTest(i=i):
self.assertEqual(i % 2, 0)
测试运行的输出是:
======================================================================
FAIL: test_even (__main__.NumbersTest) (i=1)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "subtests.py", line 32, in test_even
self.assertEqual(i % 2, 0)
AssertionError: 1 != 0
======================================================================
FAIL: test_even (__main__.NumbersTest) (i=3)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "subtests.py", line 32, in test_even
self.assertEqual(i % 2, 0)
AssertionError: 1 != 0
======================================================================
FAIL: test_even (__main__.NumbersTest) (i=5)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "subtests.py", line 32, in test_even
self.assertEqual(i % 2, 0)
AssertionError: 1 != 0
这也是unittest2的一部分,因此可用于早期版本的Python。
你可以使用nose-ittr插件(pip install nose-ittr)。
它非常容易与现有的测试集成,并且只需要极小的更改(如果有的话)。它还支持nose多处理插件。
注意,您还可以为每个测试定制一个设置函数。
@ittr(number=[1, 2, 3, 4])
def test_even(self):
assert_equal(self.number % 2, 0)
它也可以像内置插件attrib一样传递nosetest参数。通过这种方式,你可以只运行特定参数的特定测试:
nosetest -a number=2
您可以使用TestSuite和自定义TestCase类。
import unittest
class CustomTest(unittest.TestCase):
def __init__(self, name, a, b):
super().__init__()
self.name = name
self.a = a
self.b = b
def runTest(self):
print("test", self.name)
self.assertEqual(self.a, self.b)
if __name__ == '__main__':
suite = unittest.TestSuite()
suite.addTest(CustomTest("Foo", 1337, 1337))
suite.addTest(CustomTest("Bar", 0xDEAD, 0xC0DE))
unittest.TextTestRunner().run(suite)