我有一些测试数据，想为每个项目创建一个单元测试。我的第一个想法是这样做的:
import unittest
l = [["foo", "a", "a",], ["bar", "a", "b"], ["lee", "b", "b"]]
class TestSequence(unittest.TestCase):
def testsample(self):
for name, a,b in l:
print "test", name
self.assertEqual(a,b)
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
这样做的缺点是它在一个测试中处理所有数据。我想在飞行中为每个项目生成一个测试。有什么建议吗?
当前回答
除了使用setattr，我们还可以在Python 3.2及更高版本中使用load_tests。
class Test(unittest.TestCase):
pass
def _test(self, file_name):
open(file_name, 'r') as f:
self.assertEqual('test result',f.read())
def _generate_test(file_name):
def test(self):
_test(self, file_name)
return test
def _generate_tests():
for file in files:
file_name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(file))[0]
setattr(Test, 'test_%s' % file_name, _generate_test(file))
test_cases = (Test,)
def load_tests(loader, tests, pattern):
_generate_tests()
suite = TestSuite()
for test_class in test_cases:
tests = loader.loadTestsFromTestCase(test_class)
suite.addTests(tests)
return suite
if __name__ == '__main__':
_generate_tests()
unittest.main()
其他回答
这可以使用元类优雅地解决:
import unittest
l = [["foo", "a", "a",], ["bar", "a", "b"], ["lee", "b", "b"]]
class TestSequenceMeta(type):
def __new__(mcs, name, bases, dict):
def gen_test(a, b):
def test(self):
self.assertEqual(a, b)
return test
for tname, a, b in l:
test_name = "test_%s" % tname
dict[test_name] = gen_test(a,b)
return type.__new__(mcs, name, bases, dict)
class TestSequence(unittest.TestCase):
__metaclass__ = TestSequenceMeta
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
这可以通过使用pytest来完成。只需要编写test_me.py文件的内容:
import pytest
@pytest.mark.parametrize('name, left, right', [['foo', 'a', 'a'],
['bar', 'a', 'b'],
['baz', 'b', 'b']])
def test_me(name, left, right):
assert left == right, name
并使用py命令运行测试。Test——tb=短test_me.py。然后输出如下所示:
=========================== test session starts ============================
platform darwin -- Python 2.7.6 -- py-1.4.23 -- pytest-2.6.1
collected 3 items
test_me.py .F.
================================= FAILURES =================================
_____________________________ test_me[bar-a-b] _____________________________
test_me.py:8: in test_me
assert left == right, name
E AssertionError: bar
==================== 1 failed, 2 passed in 0.01 seconds ====================
这很简单!此外，pytest还有更多的功能，如fixture、标记、断言等。
这个解决方案适用于Python 2和Python 3的unittest和nose:
#!/usr/bin/env python
import unittest
def make_function(description, a, b):
def ghost(self):
self.assertEqual(a, b, description)
print(description)
ghost.__name__ = 'test_{0}'.format(description)
return ghost
class TestsContainer(unittest.TestCase):
pass
testsmap = {
'foo': [1, 1],
'bar': [1, 2],
'baz': [5, 5]}
def generator():
for name, params in testsmap.iteritems():
test_func = make_function(name, params[0], params[1])
setattr(TestsContainer, 'test_{0}'.format(name), test_func)
generator()
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
还有一个假说，它增加了模糊或基于属性的测试。
这是一种非常强大的测试方法。
只使用元类，如这里所示;
class DocTestMeta(type):
"""
Test functions are generated in metaclass due to the way some
test loaders work. For example, setupClass() won't get called
unless there are other existing test methods, and will also
prevent unit test loader logic being called before the test
methods have been defined.
"""
def __init__(self, name, bases, attrs):
super(DocTestMeta, self).__init__(name, bases, attrs)
def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs):
def func(self):
"""Inner test method goes here"""
self.assertTrue(1)
func.__name__ = 'test_sample'
attrs[func.__name__] = func
return super(DocTestMeta, cls).__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)
class ExampleTestCase(TestCase):
"""Our example test case, with no methods defined"""
__metaclass__ = DocTestMeta
输出:
test_sample (ExampleTestCase) ... OK
