简单来说:

节流将延迟执行函数。它将减少多次触发事件的通知。 deboundation将一系列对函数的连续调用合并为对该函数的单个调用。它确保为多次触发的事件发出一个通知。

你可以直观地看到其中的区别

如果你有一个函数被调用了很多次——例如当一个调整大小或鼠标移动事件发生时，它可以被调用很多次。如果您不想要这种行为，您可以Throttle它，以便定期调用该函数。deboning将意味着它在一系列事件的结束(或开始)时被调用。

差异

+--------------+-------------------+-------------------+
|              |  Throttle 1 sec   |  Debounce 1 sec   |
+--------------+-------------------+-------------------+
| Delay        | no delay          | 1 sec delay       |
|              |                   |                   |
| Emits new if | last was emitted  | there is no input |
|              | before 1 sec      |  in last 1 sec    |
+--------------+-------------------+-------------------+

用例解释:

搜索栏-不想搜索每次用户按下键?当用户停止输入1秒时想要搜索。使用debounce 1 SEC按下键。 射击游戏-手枪每次射击之间需要1秒的时间，但用户点击鼠标多次。在鼠标点击时使用油门。

角色互换:

Throttling 1 sec on search bar- If users types abcdefghij with every character in 0.6 sec. Then throttle will trigger at first a press. It will will ignore every press for next 1 sec i.e. bat .6 sec will be ignored. Then c at 1.2 sec will again trigger, which resets the time again. So d will be ignored and e will get triggered. Debouncing pistol for 1 sec- When user sees an enemy, he clicks mouse, but it will not shoot. He will click again several times in that sec but it will not shoot. He will see if it still has bullets, at that time (1 sec after last click) pistol will fire automatically.

进一步解释投入产出与现实生活的比较

酒吧外面有几个警卫。警卫允许说“我去”的人进入酒吧。这是正常的情况。任何说“我去”的人都可以进入酒吧。

现在有一个Throttle Guard(节流5秒)。他喜欢最先回应的人。谁先说“我要去”，他就让那个人去。然后他会在5秒内拒绝每个人。在这之后，无论谁先说，他都会被允许，其他人会被拒绝5秒。

还有另一个弹跳守卫(弹跳5秒)。他喜欢能让他精神休息5秒钟的人。所以如果有人说“我去”，警卫会等5秒钟。如果5秒钟内没有其他人打扰他，他会允许第一个人打扰他。如果有人在这5秒内说“我要去”，他会拒绝第一个。他又开始了等待第二个人的5秒，看第二个人是否能让他得到精神上的休息。

我个人认为反弹比油门更难理解。

因为这两个函数都可以帮助您延迟和降低某些执行的速度。假设您正在调用由throttle/debounce反复返回的装饰函数…

节流:在指定的时间段内，原函数最多被调用一次。 Debounce:在指定的时间后，调用方停止调用被修饰的函数后，将调用原始函数。

我发现debounce的最后一部分对于理解它试图实现的目标至关重要。我还发现_.debounce的旧版本实现有助于理解(由https://davidwalsh.name/function-debounce提供)。

// Returns a function, that, as long as it continues to be invoked, will not
// be triggered. The function will be called after it stops being called for
// N milliseconds. If `immediate` is passed, trigger the function on the
// leading edge, instead of the trailing.
_.debounce = function(func, wait, immediate) {
  var timeout;
  return function() {
    var context = this, args = arguments;
    var later = function() {
        timeout = null;
        if (!immediate) func.apply(context, args);
    };
    var callNow = immediate && !timeout;
    clearTimeout(timeout);
    timeout = setTimeout(later, wait);
    if (callNow) func.apply(context, args);
  };
};

这是一个牵强的比喻，但也许也有帮助。

你有一个叫Chatty的朋友，他喜欢通过IM和你聊天。假设当她说话时，她每5秒发送一条新消息，而你的即时通讯应用程序图标上下跳动，你可以…

Naive approach: check every message as long as it arrives. When your app icon bounces, check. It's not the most effective way, but you are always up-to-date. Throttle approach: you check once every 5 minutes (when there are new ones). When new message arrives, if you have checked anytime in the last 5 minutes, ignore it. You save your time with this approach, while still in the loop. Debounce approach: you know Chatty, she breaks down a whole story into pieces, sends them in one message after another. You wait until Chatty finishes the whole story: if she stops sending messages for 5 minutes, you would assume she has finished, now you check all.

debounging和Throttling是从一系列事件中选择目标以达到减少目标的目的。它们都需要一段时间作为参数，例如:x ms，以及后面/前面的变量来定义如何选择。

消除抖动

当x毫秒后没有其他事件发生时，选择事件

"--->": timeline  "o": event  "|===|": period (x=5)

--oo-o-----ooo-o----o-oo--oo-----o-o-ooo------> events
  |===|    |===|    |===|        |===|
  ||===|   ||===|   | |===|      | |===|   
  |  |===| | |===|  |  |===|     |   |===|
  |      | |   |===||     |===|  |    |===|
  |      | |       ||      |===| |     |===|
---------o---------o-----------o-----------o--> selected events (trailing)
--o--------o--------o------------o------------> selected events (leading)

节流

当有事件发生时，每x毫秒选择一个事件

"--->": timeline  "o": event  "|===|": period (x=5)

--oo-o-----ooo-o----o-oo--oo-----o-o-ooo------> events
  |===|    |===|    |===| |===|  |===||===|
------o--------o--------o-----o------o----o---> selected events (trailing)
--o--------o--------o-----o------o----o-------> selected events (leading)

防反跳:

如果函数没有在间隔内被调用，则在间隔后执行函数。

节流:

以固定的时间间隔执行函数n次。

节流阀的简单概念是在表单中频繁点击提交按钮，我们需要使用节流阀。因此提交功能可以防止频繁点击。它将相同的请求保存到函数中。

关于debounce，编写了一个简单的带有输入文本标签的代码，用于从服务器上搜索一些数据。Oninput使用debounce删除之前的请求，并将最后输入的单词传递给服务器

const throttle = (callback, time = 0) => {
    let throttle_req, count = 0;
     return async function () {
         var context = this, args = arguments;  
         if(throttle_req) return;  
         throttle_req = true; 
         if(time > 0)
         {
             callback.apply(context, args); 
             setTimeout(() => {
              throttle_req = false; 
             }, time || 200) 
         }
         else
         {
           let response = await callback.apply(context, args); 
            throttle_req = false; 
           return response;
         } 
     }
  }
const debounce = (callback, time = 0) => {
    let debounce_req;
    return function () {
        var context = this, args = arguments;
        clearTimeout(debounce_req) 
        debounce_req = setTimeout(() => {
             debounce_req = null;
             callback.apply(context, args);
        }, time || 200) 
    }
}

我们如何调用:只是用节流或debounce包装你的函数来检查差异

节流阀:同一按钮点击超过1次

var throttleFunct = throttle(function(num) {
  console.log(num, "hello throttle")
}, 2000);
throttleFunct(300) //it execute. because its the first call
throttleFunct(400) //it won't execute

节流异步没有时间

var getDataAsync =  throttle(function(id, name) {
    return new Promise((resolve) => {  
      setTimeout(() => {
            resolve({name: name, id: id})
      }, 2000)
     }) 
});
async function test() {
let response = await getDataAsync(120, 'Sherley').then(resp => resp)  
console.log(response, "respond") //it execute. because its the first call
response = await getDataAsync(120, 'James').then(resp => resp)  
console.log(response, "respond2")//it executes 2 after first request
response = await getDataAsync(120, 'Jonathan').then(resp => resp)  
console.log(response, "respond3")//it executes 3 after second request
    }
    test()

例如:搜索框自动完成

var debounceFunct = debounce(function(num) {
  console.log(num+1)
}, 2000);
debounceFunct(300) //it won't execute and it cancelled
debounceFunct(400) // it executes and it replaced with the previous call. because this is the latest event fire